关于毅力的优秀英语演讲稿（精选34篇）
ladies and gentlemen,
good morning,
I’m very glad to make a speech here. Today my topic is “I love you, China.”
Since the day I was born, I began to have a proud name—Chinese. Since the day I began to talk, the most beautiful sentence I’ve ever learnt has been “I love you, China!”
i love you, China, and I’m so proud of being a Chinese. I’m proud that I’ve got the beautiful yellow skin, black eyes and black hair. I’m also proud that I speak the most beautiful language in the world—Chinese.
i love you, China, for I can feel the deep love you give me every day, every minute. Last year, I got an opportunity to visit the United States of America. During my staying there, my father’s boss once invited my family to dinner. While at , he looked at me and asked: “Little boy, how long have you been in America?” “About a month,” I answered, “How lucky you are!” he said, “If you were living in China, how could you learn such perfect English?” I smiled and told him proudly that all the students in China are able to learn English at school. I saw his surprised eyes and said to myself, “I’m proud of you, China ”
Students,we come from? to hear this question,i am sure you will say thatparents are taken to put us up in the world. yes ah,one day more than a decadeago,our parents happy with tears and smiles to greet the arrival of the u.s..but when we came to the world the moment that many parents have a hard job - wetake care of. this is even though a heavy burden,but has no complaints toparents raising me up.
In order to give us a comfortable living environment,they are always sohard,then the effort. small,i always treat this issue as a matter of course,because i do not know,nor do i know the hard work of parents. now,i grew up,and i know with a heart of thanksgiving to appreciate their parents,should takeon,take care of,the responsibility of your parents
There is an old said："the milk of the sheep have to kneel tu,a feed hasmeaning." bit by bit,our growth can not be separated from their parents to helpwhen the water springs of the tu reported that,therefore,we should know how tofeel gratitude for it,know how to thank their parents .
Call us first time parents,first step towards independence,the first towrite a word askew when ... ... are parents around to teach us patience.parents,are giving us god does not require any modification of the sustenanceof the soul.
When we are confronted with difficulties,to devote all of us to helppeople,their parents are.
When we are wronged,to be patient to listen to our cry of the people,their parents are.
When we make mistakes,he will not hesitate to forgive us who areparents.
When we succeed,would like for us to celebrate,to share with us thepleasure,are the parents.
And now far away in our field study,it is still concerned about ourparents.
Now i left the distant parents,came here,the mother will ask me homesick,i very firmly said："no,certainly not!"
But to the school,in the face of unfamiliar faces unfamiliar environment,i want to cry well. are upset when the home to the phone,the mother the rightto ask me please. my tears quickly down,and tried to not let her find.
Not familiar with the latter slowly,although it was no longer such ashomesickness,but there are always unhappy when the advent of a lot of times atnight,when feeling lonely,they will naturally think of distant family members,think of it in the remote mountain village in their own lives more than a dozenof the spring and autumn,and a phone call out greetings and listen to thevoices of parents and that kind.
My home village is a small one. It’s in Yuxian county of Shanxi Province. Small as it is， it’s very beautiful.
There are many hills around my home village and they are more beautiful than some big mountains. In spring， we can fly kites which are made by ourselves on the top of the hills. The kites fly very high.In summer， the trees are green and the grass is green， too. It is green everywhere on the hills. There are so many wild apple trees on the hills. The wild apples are nice to eat. In autumn， the corns under and around the hills are ripe. So we eat them almost every day. In winter， when it snows， all the ground is covered with snow. We can play with snow and sometimes we eat the clean snow with sugar. In my hometown the sky is blue， the air is clean， the water is sweet and the people are very friendly. I love my hometown!
我的家乡是位于山西盂县的一个小村庄。它虽然小但非常美丽。
家乡被群山环绕，这些小山甚至比大山川还要美丽。春日里，我们在山巅放飞自制的风筝;夏天里，漫山遍野是长得绿油油的草木，各种野果美味诱人;秋日里，山下和山周围的玉米熟了，我们几乎天天能尝到新鲜的玉米;冬日里，雪花飘飘，大地银妆素裹，我们玩雪，有时还就着糖吃几口干净的白雪。我的家乡天空蔚蓝，空气清新，水儿甜美，人们好客。我爱我的家乡。
the footsteps of the 20xx world expo is getting closer and closer to us, civilized and harmonious call is still ringing in my ears. shanghai, china obtained the right to host the world expo 20xx, expo 20xx shanghai china will be a world event, the development of shanghai's new round of golden opportunity, as it is an important embodiment of our national spirit.
world expo is a great influence and a long history of international activities, is the largest gathering of human beings. people from around the world gathered in one place display their products and skills, boast of their hometown and motherland. expo set the culmination of human civilization, which has a unique appeal, make you feel surging.
world expo is a platform, we are the masters. she put up a platform for us to let the world know us; she built a bridge for us, so we better communicate with the world. this platform may let us display self wantonly. we are the masters here, we have to landlord, let guest experience enthusiasm and happiness.
everyone to contribute for the expo, we are no exception, as a living piece of fertile land in pudong's teachers, we are proud and pride. in the vision of a better tomorrow, we have to do for the world expo will own a wonderful ability, we have through our hands, warm heart and sincerity to practical action to achieve the commitment of shanghai to the world. we should educate the many students: do not throw garbage anywhere, no spitting, no jaywalking ... ..., hello, thank you frequently mention, let the material on this city with the new york comparable to the spiritual civilization. educate our students to exciting 20xx, willing to shanghai's future by copies of power, if only planted a small tree, participants in the shanghai world expo foreign guests feel: this is a forest city, pollution-free city, ancient and civilized city. better city, better life! until the time of the 20xx expo, then, we want to become a glorious volunteers, to changing our foreign friends in shanghai and china's long history, about our education for the world expo will contribute their efforts.
we expect the majority of teachers will be great enthusiasm for the world expo into practical action to meet the world expo, the expo will be a total growth, and the city of development, the development of shanghai devote their efforts to advance hand in hand with shanghai.
with the rapid development of our societmore and more people are fond of online shopping for itconvenience. online shopping habeen a heated fashion. but different people have different viewon thipoint. after all evercoin hatwo sides.因为它很方便，人们依靠网上购物因为它符合那些忙于工作或其他事情的人的需求。它还可以帮我们节省很多少钱，比我们在实体店买更便宜。更重要的是，它有助于互联网进一步发展。
however it ialso a risk of online shopping awe pathe bill online bour credit cardwe mabe cheated bthe dishonest shoppers. sometimethe qualitof what we buonline imuch worse than we could imagine.然而，因为我们用信用卡在网上支付，所以网上购物也是有风险的，我们可能会被不诚实商家骗。有时我们在网上买的东西的'质量比我们想象的糟很多。
in mopinion when we are shopping online we should keep wise to prevent ufrom treating. and we’ll find that online shopping haadvantageover disadvantages.在我看来，当我们在网上购物时，我们理智点以防被骗。这样的话我们会发现网上购物的优点多于缺点。
Parents gave me life in this world,I love the most is them.
Expressing of loving parents do not need to pass a language that I ever we can do some little the Father's Day or Mother'sDay,we can prepare a delicious breakfast for can remember their birthdays,we don't need to buy gifts,but have to say happybirthday.
When parents come home from work,we can hand them a cup of hot water to makethem can help parents to share some of the housework,so that they havemore time to part of the family,we should take active to do read out,we should always contact them,tell them recent things of our hem not worry about us.
It is known to all our parents love is priceless,is not asking should love them in return. But,parents can be very simple ng as the life of more concern to them,for them to have been do it.
Socialist political development road with Chinese characteristics is in the long-term revolution construction and reform practice of the formation and development is the socialist democratic politics which accords with the situation of our country in the new road has a strong vitality socialist political development road with Chinese characteristics is the history and the people's choice is the important guarantee of scientific development promote social harmony. Socialist political development road with Chinese characteristics is the Chinese social and political development mode with independent intellectual property rights.
1. what is the socialism political development road with Chinese characteristics
This way the main contents include: adhere to the leadership of the party the people are masters of the country in accordance with the law governing the organic unification to uphold and improve the system of people's congress the communist party of China leads the multi-party cooperation and political consultation system system of regional national autonomy and grass-roots mass self-government system.
2. why do you want to the road of socialist political development with Chinese characteristics
The political road of socialism with Chinese characteristics it is the choice of history the people's choice stick to the road can achieve the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Adhere to and develop the road which is beneficial to strengthen and improve the leadership of the party is beneficial to promote the development of people's democracy to form and maintain a lively political situation developing the strong vitality of the socialist democratic politics.
3. how can I get to the socialism political development road with Chinese characteristics the report of the 17th national congress eplicitly put forward the deepening the reform of political system of the task to enhance the vitality of the party and state arouse the enthusiasm of the people as the goal epand socialist democracy build socialism country under the rule of law develop socialist political civilization. Current need to seriously do a good job the following aspects:
(1) the development of democracy at the grassroots level consolidate the basis of the socialist democratic politics.
(2) the build socialism country under the rule of law legal guarantee of constructing socialist democratic politics.
(3) actively promote inner-party democracy construction epand intra-party democracy to develop people's democracy.
4. the advantage of the socialist political development road with Chinese characteristics
Socialist political development road with Chinese characteristics is good for the democratic participation of the people and various democratic rights are fully guarantee socialist democracy shows strong vitality. At the same time to consolidate and epand the patriotic united front promote socialist democracy and promote the great unity of the Chinese people of all ethnic groups addition of implementation of the party and the state is of great significance.
A country to choose what kind of political development path not only the relationship between the democratic political construction and the relationship between the economic and social development and the state power of the firm. The communist party of China insists on the basic principle of marism with Chinese concrete practice and The Times characteristic combining the development of socialist democratic politics and building socialist political civilization in practice out of a socialism with Chinese characteristics which accords with the situation of China's political development road.
Thank you all attention.
When you are a kid, you get asked this one particular question a lot, it really gets kind of annoying. What do you want to be when you grow up? Now, adults are hoping for answers like, I want to be an astronaut or I want to be a neurosurgeon, you’re adults in your imaginations.
Kids, they’re most likely to answer with pro-skateboarder, surfer or minecraft player. I asked my little brother, and he said, seriously dude, I’m 10, I have no idea, probably a pro-skier, let’s go get some ice cream.
See, us kids are going to answer something we’re stoked on, what we think is cool, what we have experience with, and that’s typically the opposite of what adults want to hear.
But if you ask a little kid, sometimes you’ll get the best answer, something so simple, so obvious and really profound. When I grow up, I want to be happy.
For me, when I grow up, I want to continue to be happy like I am now. I’m stoked to be here at TedEx, I mean, I’ve been watching Ted videos for as long as I can remember, but I never thought I’d make it on the stage here so soon. I mean, I just became a teenager, and like most teenage boys, I spend most of my time wondering, how did my room get so messy all on its own.
Did I take a shower today? And the most perplexing of all, how do I get girls to like me? Neurosciences say that the teenage brain is pretty weird, our prefrontal cortex is underdeveloped, but we actually have more neurons than adults, which is why we can be so creative, and impulsive and moody and get bummed out.
But what bums me out is to know that, a lot of kids today are just wishing to be happy, to be healthy, to be safe, not bullied, and be loved for who they are. So it seems to me when adults say, what do you want to be when you grow up? They just assume that you’ll automatically be happy and healthy.
Well, maybe that’s not the case, go to school, go to college, get a job, get married, boom, then you’ll be happy, right? You don’t seem to make learning how to be happy and healthy a priority in our schools, it’s separate from schools. And for some kids, it doesn’t exists at all? But what if we didn’t make it separate? What if we based education on the study and practice of being happy and healthy, because that’s what it is, a practice, and a simple practice at that?
Education is important, but why is being happy and healthy not considered education, I just don’t get it. So I’ve been studying the science of being happy and healthy. It really comes down to practicing these eight things. Exercise, diet and nutrition, time in nature, contribution, service to others, relationships, recreation, relaxation and stress management, and religious or spiritual involvement, yes, got that one.
So these eight things come from Dr. Roger Walsh, he calls them Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes or TLCs for short. He is a scientist that studies how to be happy and healthy. In researching this talk, I got a chance to ask him a few questions like; do you think that our schools today are making these eight TLCs a priority? His response was no surprise, it was essentially no. But he did say that many people do try to get this kind of education outside of the traditional arena, through reading and practices such as meditation or yoga.
But what I thought was his best response was that, much of education is oriented for better or worse towards making a living rather than making a life.
In 20__, Sir Ken Robinson gave the most popular Ted talk of all time. Schools kill creativity. His message is that creativity is as important as literacy, and we should treat it with the same status.
A lot of parents watched those videos, some of those parents like mine counted it as one of the reasons they felt confident to pull their kids from traditional school to try something different. I realized I’m part of this small, but growing revolution of kids who are going about their education differently, and you know what? It freaks a lot of people out.
Even though I was only nine, when my parents pulled me out of the school system, I can still remember my mom being in tears when some of her friends told her she was crazy and it was a stupid idea.
Looking back, I’m thankful she didn’t cave to peer pressure, and I think she is too. So, out of the 200 million people that have watched Sir Ken Robinson’s talk, why aren’t there more kids like me out there?
Shane McConkey is my hero. I loved him because he was the world’s best skier. But then, one day I realized what I really loved about Shane, he was a hacker. Not a computer hacker, he hacked skiing. His creativity and inventions made skiing what it is today, and why I love to ski. A lot of people think of hackers as geeky computer nerds who live in their parent’s basement and spread computer viruses, but I don’t see it that way.
Hackers are innovators, hackers are people who challenge and change the systems to make them work differently, to make them work better, it’s just how they think, it’s a mindset.
I’m growing up in a world that needs more people with the hacker mindset, and not just for technology, everything is up for being hacked, even skiing, even education. So whether it’s Steve Jobs, Mark Zuckerberg or Shane McConkey having the hacker mindset can change the world.
Healthy, happy, creativity in the hacker mindset are all a large part of my education. I call it Hackschooling, I don’t use any one particular curriculum, and I’m not dedicated to any one particular approach, I hack my education.
I take advantage of opportunities in my community, and through a network of my friends and family. I take advantage of opportunities to experience what I’m learning, and I’m not afraid to look for shortcuts or hacks to get a better faster result. It’s like a remix or a mash-up of learning. It’s flexible, opportunistic, and it never loses sight of making happy, healthy and creativity a priority.
And here is the cool part, because it’s a mindset, not a system. Hackschooling can be used anyone, even traditional schools. Soo what does my school look like? Well, it looks like Starbucks a lot of the time, but like most kids I study lot of math, science, history and writing. I didn’t used to like to write because my teachers made me write about butterflies and rainbows, and I wanted to write about skiing.
It was a relief for my good friend’s mom, started the Squaw Valley Kids Institute, where I got to write through my experiences and my interests, while, connecting with great speakers from around the nation, and that sparked my love of writing.
I realized that once you’re motivated to learn something, you can get a lot done in a short amount of time, and on your own, Starbucks is pretty great for that. Hacking physics was fun, we learned all about Newton and Galileo, and we experienced some basic physics concepts like kinetic energy through experimenting and making mistakes.
My favorite was the giant Newton’s cradle that we made out of bowling balls, no bocce balls. We experimented with lot of other things like bowling balls and event giant jawbreakers.
Project Discovery’s ropes course is awesome, and slightly stressful. When you’re 60 feet off the ground, you have to learn how to handle your fears, communicate clearly, and most importantly, trust each other.
Community organizations play a big part in my education, High Fives Foundation’s Basics Program being aware and safe in critical situations. We spent a day with the Squaw Valley Ski Patrol to learn more about mountain safety, then the next day we switched to science of snow, weather and avalanches.
But most importantly, we learned that making bad decisions puts you and your friends at risk. Young should talk, well brings history to life. You study a famous character in history, and so that you can stand on stage and perform as that character, and answer any question about their lifetime.
In this photo, you see Al Capone and Bob Marley getting grilled with questions at the historical Piper’s Opera House in Virginia City, the same stage where Harry Houdini got his start.
Time and nature is really important to me, it’s calm, quiet and I get to just log out of reality. I spend one day a week, outside all day. At my Fox Walkers classes, our goal is to be able to survive in the wilderness with just a knife. We learn to listen to nature, we learn to sense our surroundings, and I’ve gained a spiritual connection to nature that, I never knew existed.
But the best part is that we get to make spears, bows and arrows, fires with just a bow drill and survival shelters for the snowy nights when we camp out. Hanging out at the Moment Factory where they hand make skis and design clothes, has really inspired me to one day have my own business. The guys at the factory showed me why I need to be good at math, be creative and get good at selling.
So I got an internship at Big Shark Print to get better at design and selling. Between fetching lunch, scrubbing toilets and breaking their vacuum cleaner, I’m getting to contribute to clothing design, customizing hats and selling them. The people who work there are happy, healthy, creative, and stoked to be doing what they are doing, this is by far my favorite class.
So, this is why I’m really happy, powder days, and it’s a good metaphor for my life, my education, my hackschooling. If everyone ski this mountain, like most people think of education, everyone will be skiing the same line, probably the safest and most of the powder would go untouched.
I look at this, and see a thousand possibilities, dropping the corners, shredding the spine, looking for a churning from cliff-to-cliff. Skiing to me is freedom, and so is my education, it’s about being creative; doing things differently, it’s about community and helping each other. It’s about being happy and healthy among my very best friends.
So I’m starting to think, I know what I might want to do when I grow up, but if you ask me what do I want to be when I grow up? I’ll always know that I want to be happy. Thank you.
I have many hobbies. I like drawing and I can drawvery well,which get a lot of praisemy teachers and fris.
I likesports,such as dancing,skating,biking and playing badminton. I often play badmintonwith my sisters and we have a great fun together. I love music,especially thepop music,which makes me feel relax. I love English,too. I hope I can travelall over the world one day.
I have manyfris. I often study and play with Ke Jingqi and Zhu Si huai. Sometimes,wego to bookstore or supermarket together. We are so happy when we are together. Ilove my fris and they love me,too.
Thatsall!Thank you for your attention.
Life doesn’t always give us the joy we want. We don’t always get our hopesand dreams, and we don’t always get our way1. But don’t give up hope, becauseyou can make a difference one situation and one person at a time.
生活并非总是如你所愿。希望有时会落空,梦想有时会破灭,我们不能一切都随心所欲。但别放弃希望,因为事物并非一成不变;不同时间,不同场合,你会呈现不同的面貌。
Look for the beauty around you, in nature, in others, in yourself, duanwenwand believe in the love of friends, family, and humankind2. You can find love ina smile or a helping hand, in a thoughtful gesture or a kind word. It is allaround, if you just look for it.
处处留心你身边的美丽:自然之美,他人之美,自我之美。请相信,美来自朋友、家庭乃至全人类的融融爱意。英语短文一个微笑,一双援助之手,一个关心的举止,一句友善的话语,无不传达着爱。如果你有心去寻找,爱无所不在。
Give love, foringiving it you will find the power in life along with joy,happiness, patience and understanding. Believe in the goodness4 of others andre-member that anger and depression can be countered by love and hope.
奉献爱心吧,从中你会发现生活的力量,感受生活带来的幸福快乐,学会忍耐和理解。相信人性本善。记住,爱心和希望能化解一切愤怒和沮丧。
Even when you feel as though there isn’t a lot you can do to changeunhappiness or problems, you can always do a little —and a little at a timeeventually makes a big difference.
哪怕生活中挥之不去的不快和困难将你重重包围,让你力不从心,你仍可以尽力而为。累积点滴努力,最终你将扭转乾坤。
Hope is always available to us. When we feel defeated, duanwenw we onlyneed to take a deep breath and say "Yes" and hope will reappear6.
希望一直就在我们身边。当我们遇到挫折时,请深呼一口气并对自己说:我可以做到!希望就会重现。
Hello,everybody !it is my great honor to be here to share my idea with y,I will talk something about DREAM——A word that has changed the world.
“What do you think is the word that has really changed our world ”
When I was asked about this question for the first time ,without thinkingit too much ,a word flash into my mind ——DREAM ,le more or lessdream about different things ,to be a teacher ,a doctor ,a scientist ,abusinessman and so on these people who have dreams should be respected,because Dreams make the world go around grow great by our bigmen are great dreamers in their yone has a dream ,and everythingstarts as one’s daydream.
Martin Luther king had a desired for a future where blacks andwhites would coexist harmoniously as speaking the way he did,heeducated,he inspired,he informed not just the people there,but people throughoutAmerica and unborn pushed forward the pace of American blacksociety towards the racial equality .
Thomas Edison had a dreamed of a lamp that could be operated byelectricity,began where he stood to put his dream into action,and despite morethan ten thousand failures,he stood by that dream until he made it a physicalreality!And today,his dream lights up the world at night.
Walt Disney had a ,in itself,wasn't unusual -- he was dreamed of making the first animated feature film,and of building anamusement park that parents could enjoy right along with their Disneyempowered his dream and today,Disneyland,Disney world and Disney theme parksattract around the world thrill millions of visitors each and every year.
John edy had a wanted to land a man on the moon and returnhim safely to earth so as to restore faith in the American way of edy empowered his dream and 8 years later Neil Armstrong stepped on theface of the moon landing certainly gave Americans new foundconfidence.
Dream --- A word that has changed the world Yes ,I would say so ,wouldn’tyou
Youth is a special life relay station ,the growth with the worry ,the lifefeeling become aware happily with the dream ,collected a unique youth melody inhere .
We as we decide and choose,so are our lives e end,forming our own destiny is what ambition is most importantly,You are the one you choose to be.
It is easy to waste our lives ,our days ,our minutes is easy to existthan living hold fast to your dreams,For if dreams die,life is abroken-winged bird,That cannot fast to your dreams,For when dreamsgo,life is a barren field,Frozen with snow.
Dear teachers and mates:
We are in a constant state of trying to get something better and different.We are often trying to be someone different,even when the current us is pretty decent. If you are not happy being you,then who else can you be? In each person's life,will meet a lot of individual who will impacted themselves.Some people teach you a lot of things. Some may give you a lot of encouragement As for me there are also some people inspired me.But the most great impact was my dear father.
When I was a little girl,I often want to give up study instead play games.Then my father will told me "Perseverance is the golden key to being successful in anything you do.It's a matter of hanging on long afte others have quit".When I was a teenager I like to make track for a star,and like images like,including dress etc.Then my Dad always tell me that"Be what you are, not what you aren't,because when you are what you aren't,then you aren't what you are".All of the things are inspired me so much.
Sometimes,I think my father was a philosopher,sometimes think he is a activists,always set an example for his child ,do what a father should do.He is always working hard to feed large family, he is always considerate to forgive his naughty children,moreover he filial piety to the old person,to repay parents' brought up. In a word, he always so good.
Of course he's not a iron man,he also has a fragile, but he never lose self,and perseverance.What's more, when I meet with some troubles and want to give up, he always encourage me.I still remember what he told me "perseverance overcomes almost everything.When you fall, perseverance tells you get up.When you are defeated,perseverance tells you to try again .When you feel like quitting, perseverance doesn't let you".
Nowadays, I am an adults,and as a college student,I always unavoidably depending on my father, I often call to my father to ask some questions, meanwhile I also want to know how are they recently I start my college life followed with my fathers edification.Because of my dear father,I know how important to be myself.I have to be true to myself, because the only important thing in life is what you do with the time on spend here in earth.So I'll always be optimistic and happy in the following time.Also,as my father told me,just be perseverance to do everything. So that I can do anything I wish to create my future!
Father is like a lighthouse,guide me in the direction of the future.I hope I could owning a wonderful future,and my father will company with me forever!thanks!
Idol in my heart my dear mother.
My mother is 30years old, medium height, a little fat, but Dad says the fullness. She has a pair of beautiful eyes, but was spectacles. She is not very beautiful, but very gentle.
My mother is a school teacher education, she worked very hard, almost every day is the first one to go to work, the last work. Several times I asked her mother:" why others have gone, you have to do?" The mother patiently said to me:" this is my responsibility. It is your duty to learn the knowledge, do the thing you should do." My mother let me know what is the responsibility.
My mother is very concerned about my growing up, she has always adhered to write diary. I think mom s diary is also interesting to see a fairy tale.
I really admire my mother!
I like Yao Ming very much who is the idol I like most. I like playing basketball and in my opinion, he is the best basketball player in China. When he started to play basketball in NBA, I was so excited that I saw the news about him everyday. When he performed well, I was really happy for him. When he did not, I hoped he could rearrange himself and did well in the next game. What’s more, his personalities attract me as well. He is kind-hearted and humorous. He always smiles and is kind to very body, even his opponents. Although he does not play basketball anymore, I still like him. I hope he can do well in other fields as well.
In the modern society study English is becoming more important and popular. But when I was young, I didn’t know of this and prefer to play outside rather than learn English. But my mother said :“English is the necessary tools to talk with foreigners, so you should study in an English class. Believe yourself, You can certainly study English well!”Finally I agreed my mom’s opinion and began to study ladder English when I was five.
At the beginning I was happy to study, because it was fun in the English class. We played games, and only studied five words, sentence a time. We also learned to sing a lot of English songs. In this studying environment, I was interested in English for the first time.
we deep in the years to write a glorious. In global view shows choice of the Chinese road of national rejuvenation; concentrated panorama in history."
Around the millennium change， eventful years， Chinese new century， great turning point， span， the future of six theme， reflects China's great achievements since 1840，
arduous and tortuous road of revitalization of the nation and the Chinese people made in China under the leadership of the Communist party. The "shock" "excited" tears ""……
This is my watch， taste right is felt when discourse. Process of reading and rejuvenation of the great，
I reviewed the history of the Chinese nation 100 years the dream of power and unremitting exploration. Full and accurate historical data， magnificent momentum， a language， a precious historical pictures，
shows a picture of the world national revival.
A Fox once saw a Crow fly off with a piece of cheese in its beak and settleon a branch of a tree. ‘That’s for me, as I am a Fox,’ said Master Reynard, andhe walked up to the foot of the tree. ‘Good-day, Mistress Crow,’ he cried. ‘Howwell you are looking to-day: how glossy your feathers; how bright your eye. Ifeel sure your voice must surpass that of other birds, just as your figure does;let me hear but one song from you that I may greet you as the Queen of Birds.’The Crow lifted up her head and began to caw her best, but the moment she openedher mouth the piece of cheese fell to the ground, only to be snapped up byMaster Fox. ‘That will do,’ said he. ‘That was all I wanted. In exchange foryour cheese I will give you a piece of advice for the future .’Do not trustflatterers.
When I was 27 years old, I left a very demanding job in management consulting for a job that was even more demanding: teaching. I went to teach seventh graders math in the New York City public schools. And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests. I gave out homework assignments. When the work came back, I calculated grades.
What struck me was that I.Q. was not the only difference between my best and my worst students. Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric I.Q. scores. Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.
And that got me thinking. The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math, sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram. But these concepts are not impossible, and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students could learn the material if they worked hard and long enough.
After several more years of teaching, I came to the conclusion that what we need in education is a much better understanding of students and learning from a motivational perspective, from a psychological perspective. In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is I.Q., but what if doing well in school and in life depends on much more than your ability to learn quickly and easily?
So I left the classroom, and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist. I started studying kids and adults in all kinds of super challenging settings, and in every study my question was, who is successful here and why? My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy. We tried to predict which cadets would stay in military training and which would drop out. We went to the National Spelling Bee and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition. We studied rookie teachers working in really tough neighborhoods, asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching by the end of the school year, and of those, who will be the most effective at improving learning outcomes for their students? We partnered with private companies, asking, which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs? And who's going to earn the most money? In all those very different contexts, one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success. And it wasn't social intelligence. It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't I.Q. It was grit.
Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals. Grit is having stamina. Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out, not just for the week, not just for the month, but for years, and working really hard to make that future a reality. Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.
A few years ago, I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools. I asked thousands of high school juniors to take grit questionnaires, and then waited around more than a year to see who would graduate. Turns out that grittier kids were significantly more likely to graduate, even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure, things like family income, standardized achievement test scores, even how safe kids felt when they were at school. So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee that grit matters. It's also in school, especially for kids at risk for dropping out. To me, the most shocking thing about grit is how little we know, how little science knows, about building it. Every day, parents and teachers ask me, "How do I build grit in kids? What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic? How do I keep them motivated for the long run?" The honest answer is, I don't know. (Laughter) What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty. Our data show very clearly that there are many talented individuals who simply do not follow through on their commitments. In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated or even inversely related to measures of talent.
So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids is something called "growth mindset." This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck, and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed, that it can change with your effort. Dr. Dweck has shown that when kids read and learn about the brain and how it changes and grows in response to challenge, they're much more likely to persevere when they fail, because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit. But we need more. And that's where I'm going to end my remarks, because that's where we are. That's the work that stands before us. We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions, and we need to test them. We need to measure whether we've been successful, and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong, to start over again with lessons learned.
In other words, we need to be gritty about getting our kids grittier.
Thank you.
(Applause)
From school in the afternoon, I walked on the familiar country road, the in the mind think: today, the teacher let us say I love you to your parents. This problem is also really put me in a puzzled, inner struggle, whether said or not?
Unconsciously, came to the village, just see what mum is busy on the ground. I use the 100 - meter sprint speed, came to my mother. Mom, let
me help you accept rice! Said he picked up his pockets to hold up, although I want to say to his mother, but Im sorry.
Just a moment, I was too tired to waist sour backache. Mother got good years of rice, wheat and rapeseed, how to put up with? I know, in fact, mother also very tired, also very pain, just mouth not to say. Packed rice, mother will go to wash the dishes, I thought to myself, this time I will say to mother. Before I went to the mother quietly said to her: mother I love you! Oh, mother looked down from his pocket 5 yuan gave it to me. Oh? I puzzling, mom, you listen to wrong? Not mom I want money, is mother I love you! Oh? Mother accident and joyful smile on his face. I fly threw himself into his mothers arms, tightly holding the mother. My mother stroked the rough hands, said: mom, you for our life, so hard every day, hand all long out of the mediocrity. I kissed mother weather-beaten cheek, and went into his mothers arms. Mother patted me on the back, murmured: son, you are grown up, sensible.
Failure is a common thing in our daily life. There are times when we failto do satisfactory work. In short, failures happen naturally and almost everyonehas such experience.
However, there are different attitudes toward failure. Some people loseconfidence in failure. Some people dont take failure seriously and they just letit be, while some others learn much from failure, and therefore see the light ofhope through failure.
In my opinion, what really counts is not failure itself, but what we thinkof failure and do after failure. As long as we dont give up and believe inourselves, and in the meantime learn something from failure, well certainly makeour marks in this world in the end.
They say that when you die your life flashes before your eyes。 Will you seeany-thing other than a small black box in the corner of your room? What have youchanged in th world? What will you leave behind?
据说人在临死前，自我的一生会从眼前闪过。除了房间角落里的一个黑色小盒子，你还能看到些什么呢?在这个世界上你改变了些什么?你又将留下些什么呢?
Or maybe you are surrounded by people all the time。duanwenw。 You are thecenter of attention and everybody loves you。 You go out with your friends，partying and having fun， but what about in the morning? You wake up with asevere headache and an upset stomach。 What about your death? Do you think it wastime to go?
或许你一向被众人所簇拥。你是众人的焦点，所有人都深爱着你。你跟朋友一齐外出参加聚会、玩乐，但到了早晨又是怎样的情形呢?你醒来时会觉得头疼得厉害，会感到胃里很难受。你会想到死亡吗?你会不会觉得自我难受得快要死掉了?
You could be the exact opposite。 You may want pany， but for whatever reasonnot have it。 Maybe you’re scared or shy。 You go home， lock yourself in yourroom， and sink into anger。
当然情景也可能正好相反。你期望有人作伴，但可能由于种.种原因，没有人陪在你身边。这可能是因为你很胆怯或是害羞。回到家里之后，你总是把自我锁在屋子里，一个人生闷气。
Are you an adventurer? Will your love of adventure lead to your end? Youcan never be quite sure when your heart and spirit will be broken。 All youradventures will one day be forgotten and it will all have been for nothing。
你喜欢冒险吗?你会一辈子酷爱冒险吗?你可能永远都无法确定自我会在什么时候感受到心灵的疲惫。但终有一天，你会忘掉所有的冒险经历，过去的一切都将荡然无存。
Or maybe you played it safe your entire life。 You outlived all thoseothers， but what for? You never did anything great; you never made anything ofyourself。 You’re alone in all your security， but that worth it? You just took upspace on th earth。
或许你安稳地度过了自我的一生。你比其他人更长寿，但那又有什么意义呢?你从未有过惊人之举;你从未完全按照自我的意愿行事。你孤独地、安稳地活着，但这样过一生值得吗?你仅仅只是以往存活于地球上而已。
They say that when you die， your life flashes before your eyes。 What willyou see?
据说人在临死前，自我的一生会从眼前闪过。你期望那时候自我能看到些什么呢?
Dear friends:
If you can dream it, you can do it.——Walt Disney
It was a long four years. Even after I had actually graduated, the nightmares began to haunt me, the university would call to say I hadn’t truly graduated. There had been a mistake and there was just one more class I needed to take. I was always so relieved to wake up and realize that it had only been a bad dream. In reality, I had completed every course needed for my degree, and I was a full-fledged college graduate!
Now, the rest of my life loomed ahead of me. Sometimes a bachelor’s degree prepares you for a specific occupation——you train to be an accountant, you graduate and get a position in an accounting firm. Often, however, your stint in college only prepares you to make further decisions regarding your future. You’re pretty sure what you don’t want to do!
During my senior year of college, I had toyed with the idea of changing my major. At that point, I had finally discovered what captured my heart. But, wanting to finally be finishing school was a stronger pull. So, I took a few courses in physiology and exercise science, but not enough to receive a degree in physical therapy. That would require advanced schooling, beyond my bachelor’s degree——and I just wasn’tready to tackle that. Having completed my B.C. degree, I didn’t have any intentions of furthering my education.
So, I did the safe thing and got an office job——the very thing I was sure that I didn’t want to do! I detested the office policies, the suits I had to wear and the downtown environment that I had to drive to every day. I knew this was not where I belonged.
But god knew what path my career was to follow. A position opened up at the most exclusive health club in our city, so I applied. This was my kind of environment——an active, vibrant kind of place——completely at the opposite end of the spectrum from the office environment where I found myself. The position required that I work Saturday nights and Sunday mornings. Perfect, I thought! I could keep my office job Monday through Friday and work at my dream job on the weekends. This arrangement lasted several months until, eventually, a full-time position opened up and I was able to resign from my office job.
Over the next few years, I worked my way up the leader, gaining experience in several different departments. I found my niche as the director of member services——catering to our clientele and providing them with numerous cutting-edge programs. I would have stayed at that job forever——it seemed to be the pinnacle of all my dreams fulfilled. Here were fellow employees who had a passion for the same things that I did——health and fitness. Yet again, god had other plans for my life.Within two years, a newer, bigger, better and more state-of-the-art health club facility was built——just five miles down the road. And, in turn, the owner lost many members to that club. And, in turn, the owner lost thousands of dollars. One by one we were each laid off.
After trying unsuccessfully to land another similar position elsewhere, I knew what I had to do. Go back to school!thanks!
Success is made up of one percent talent and ninety-nine percent effort.
The process of climbing is hard, but the scenery of the top is different than it in the bottom of the hill.in order to see the scenery of the top, we must overcome all difficulties bravely .something easy to say , but difficult to do. The peak looks so far away from our, the leg is so painful, and others say that, forget it, you can't climb up, quickly stop and rest.
So, the higher of the mountain, the fewer people. But, could we give up the scenery of the peak? although Success is far away, but there it is, it hands to us ,and encourage us to persist a while, the most beautiful scenery will belong to us. So, no matter how tired, no matter how hard, we still adhere to the teeth, until success. Like Chris Gardner, in order to survive, to his son, he works very hard, although so tired that even want to give up, but he knew, giving up is a thorough failure, means coming back to the origin, losting hope at the same time. You got a dream, you gonna protect it. When we at the most hard time, hold on for a moment, will be the most beautiful scenery.
Successful people will never give up after the storm, rather than born with the ability to got anything.thanks!
China is very famous for its food in the world。 There are many kinds offood in China。 They're Cantonese food Sichuan food Shanghai food Hunan food andso on。 Generally speaking Cantonese food is a bit light Sichuan food is very hotShanghai food is rather oily and Hunan dishes are very spicy having a strong andhot taste。 Mapo Beancurd steamed fish sweet and sour pork ribs spring roll andmany Chinese dishes are very delicious。 In the north of China people eat a lotof noodles and dumplings。 In the south of China people eat a lot of rice andseafood。 Chinese food is good in color flavor and taste。 So I like it verymuch。
中国因其美食而闻名世界。中国美食众多，其中包括粤菜、川菜、上海菜和湖南菜等等。总体来说，粤菜偏清淡，川菜很辣，上海菜很油，而湖南菜则有点辛辣的感觉。麻婆豆腐，清蒸鱼和糖醋排骨，春卷和许多中国菜肴都很美味。在中国北方，人们会经常吃饺子和面条。而在南方，人们则以米饭和海鲜为主。中国菜注重色香味俱全，所以我十分喜欢。
Success is made up of one percent talent and ninety-nine percent effort.
The process of climbing is hard, but the scenery of the top is different than it in the bottom of the order to see the scenery of the top, we must overcome all difficulties bravely thing easy to say , but difficult to do. The peak looks so far away from our, the leg is so painful, and others say that, forget it, you can't climb up, quickly stop and rest.
So, the higher of the mountain, the fewer people. But, could we give up the scenery of the peak? although Success is far away, but there it is, it hands to us ,and encourage us to persist a while, the most beautiful scenery will belong to us. So, no matter how tired, no matter how hard, we still adhere to the teeth, until success. Like Chris Gardner, in order to survive, to his son, he works very hard, although so tired that even want to give up, but he knew, giving up is a thorough failure, means coming back to the origin, losting hope at the same time. You got a dream, you gonna protect it. When we at the most hard time, hold on for a moment, will be the most beautiful scenery.
Successful people will never give up after the storm, rather than born with the ability to got ks!
It’s beyond reproach that we will come across all kinds of difficulties andchallenges in our life time .Some will be subjected to frequent sadness .Somewill lose their way to move on .Thus,only when we equip ourselves with hope andcourage can we finally succeed in the uncertain future.
Forrest Gump showed so great courage in the movie that he touched me a lot. For one thing,no matter when and where Jenny got into trouble ,Forrest Gumpwould bring her out of it without thinking how dangerous the situation would be.Maybe we should all fell ashamed that we love ourselves more than we love love,but Forrest showed great courage in love .For another,Forrest gump risked hislife to save Bubba in the war.It’s courage that helped Forrest gain a series ofhonor after war .Forrest Gump is beautiful for his perseverance and touchesothers with his courage.
A person can’t do without courage in terms of love and friendship ,letalone life . A weak person may avoid the difficulties ,but a person with couragewill face up to it head-on. Therefore,let’equip ourselves with greatcourage.
【参考译文】
我们一生中遇到各种困难和挑战是无可指责的，有些人会经常悲伤，有些人将失去前进的道路，只有当我们有希望和勇气时，我们才能在不确定的将来取得成功。
阿甘在电影中表现出如此大的勇气，他深深地打动了我。对于一件事，无论何时何地，詹妮陷入了麻烦，阿甘会带她出来不思考如何危险的情况会。也许我们都应该感到惭愧，我们爱自己比我们更爱的爱，但福雷斯特表现出了巨大的勇气的爱。另一方面，阿甘冒着生命危险去救Bubba在战争中，它的勇气使福雷斯特战争后获得一系列荣誉。阿甘是美丽的他的毅力和触动别人的勇气。
在爱情和友谊方面，一个人不能没有勇气，更不用说生活了。弱者可以逃避困难，但有勇气的人会勇敢地面对困难。因此，让我们以极大的勇气武装自己。
Distinguished parents: good afternoon ladies and gentlemen thank you for your time to attend today's symposium today to attend the parents of the child belong to different degrees of obesity children's parents. Hope that through today's lecture help parents and children. As people living standard unceasing enhancement parenting and children's dietary structure changes nutrient rich combined with the only child's special status and unscientific feeding incidence of childhood obesity is gradually increasing. We are beginning to realize that: childhood obesity is not a lovely sign obese children in the study character and life and so on various aspects will have a lot of inconvenience. Thick Samuel therefore we should not rain completes the relevant publicity and education work take the necessary preventive measures in order to effectively control the occurrence ji. Kindergarten is important place the growth of preschool children's life so make good FeiPanEr project management and the prevention and control work is our kindergarten care teachers bounden duty.
In order to reduce and prevent children get fat we together with parents to discuss several problems: such as: what is the simple obesity? Simple obesity causes? Standards of obesity? Obesity can bring what harm? How to treat and so on. 1 what is the simple obesity? Obesity is due to the heat energy metabolic disorders the consumption of calories more than heat cause the body fat accumulation.
Childhood obesity has two season:
(1) infancy (that is within one year of age). In infancy the activities of the child is small have a long sleep eat nutritious food and some parents give their children eat don't control children eat a cry to him so it is easy to cause obesity. In infancy is fat children in two or three years later with the increase of children range range expansion obesity can be improved. But there are also children continue to get fat has maintained into adulthood.
(2) the early school age (i.e. 5-8 years). Moderate above simple obesity of children age began to get fat is mostly in the 5 s the obesity of children this period is mainly caused by bad way of life: on the one hand the traditional diet habits in affects children if eat and drink too much eating and drinking; On the other hand the western dietary patterns are interfered with domestic children's diets such as too much sweet food and western fast food drink soft drinks cause excessive intake of calories and exercise less over a long period of time. As a result the extra calories to fat obesity. In obese children in China we found that obese children love to eat all kinds of meat sweet love to drink good appetite eat fast don't want to eat vegetables. Cause the cause of obesity in addition to the thermal energy intake too much too little exercise meditation time too long wait for a reason genetic endocrine disorders can also cause obesity.
2 simple obesity causes?
(1) genetic factors. According to the relevant information the parents have the obesity the possibility of children obesity has 32 ~ 34%; Both parents are obese the incidence of child obesity increased to 50 ~ 60%. On the other hand 72% of fat children parents have at least one person also have obesity. And now have found a variety of genes associated with obesity.
Diction is eating too much and overnutrition. Obese children tend to eat a lot of high fat food sweet food especially the unlimited access to eat snacks and drink sweet drinks and these can cause obesity.
(3) movement. Parents were busy with work no time to accompany children play together always let the children stay at home such as TV children can not get enough exercise gradually becomes less physical static activities more and more such as watching TV playing video games and so on these can make children reduce activity fat growth. Fat kid inactivity inactive children become more fat the result is a vicious circle.
(4) parents have the wrong idea. Especially the parents of obese children think children as long as can eat is a good thing so the easiest way to produce a obese children.
(5) the poor eating habits. Investigation shows that the more the more obese likes to eat meat don't like to eat vegetables such as child piddle parents aren't paying attention. In addition children inadvertently desperately eat more snacks get into the habit of snacking so poor eating habits will appear fat. So for children's obesity should be in many ways to find the reason targeted for treatment.
we remember the days, we sat out together with faith? remember the times, so fine, when we thought that nothing could stand in our way? then things weren't the same, the life that we knew had to change we've struggled through the darkest storms, we thought we couldn't tame together we've tried, as we stood side by side i knew we'd build a new world, a world of hope forever after deep in my heart i just know, right from the start we will grow look where we are, we've come so far and there's still a long long way to go all of my heart, i will care. i'll play my part, i will share with family and friends,together we'll stand and in the end, hand in hand, we will get there so now we begin, working together to win believing in trust, it must be possible to overcome anything. there's so much to do, there's so much we can contribute by sharing just a little love, we will start again a new so why don't we try? if we stand side by side i know we'll build a new world, a world of hope for ever after
Obsolete equipment、industrial fuel burning and manufacturing operations are high likely to emit much wasted air.Thirdly,across our society ,relevant protection awareness has not built up.Just for the sake of convience to go out,people rely more and more on travelling and working by car while car is the main cause for smog.
To settle this problem,a series of meaures should be taken as follows.Primarily,we should establish a sound control system of smog. Not only can environmental protection departments strengthen air monitor,but government should enact more strict laws and regulations.Moreover,Reduce pollution sources is the fundamental solution to cut air pollutants. For example,we can reduce the amount of fuel vehicles or close down high polluting enterprises.Developing green and energy-saving energy can lower the emission of smog.Last but not least, People should do personal protection.They need to reduce the time for outdoor sports and pay attention to rest in smog days.Everyone all over the country should take measures to reduce the smog weather. We can use more public transport such as the bus and the underground so that the number of cars will be limited.Also,people should plant more trees. As far as I’m concerned ,if we work together to do such measures ,smog weather will vanish completely and we will get clear and blue sky.
It is only when a seed grows that it can produce more seeds. It is onlywhen you express joy and satisfaction in your own life that you can help othersto know joy and satisfaction in their lives.
英语励志短文带翻译:种子只有在生发时,才能结出更多的种子;你只有在自己的生命中表现快乐和满足时,才能帮助他人懂得其生活中的快乐和满足。
It’s no use making yourself miserable for the sake of helping others. Thebest way to help others is from a position of strength and fulfillment ratherthan from a position of weakness and despair.
为帮助他人而使你自己痛苦是没用的,帮助他人的最佳方式是立于坚强和实现目标的意志,而不是软弱和绝望。
The goals, dreams and desires you have are yours for a reason. They arethere to show you and force you to make the most of your life.
你的目标、梦想和愿望理应属于你,它们的存在告诉并且敦促你充分把握利用好自己的生命。
It is not selfish to be your very best. What’s truly selfish is to let yourhuge potential go unrealized.
你力求成为最佳不是自私,真正的自私是让你巨大的潜能悄然消逝,不为人知。
What have you always wanted to know, always wanted to have,duanwenw alwayswanted to do, and always wanted to be? It is never too late to honestly answerthis question, and to answer it with all the colorful details and passion thatit deserves.
你一直想懂得什么、一直想拥有什么、一直想做什么、一直想成为什么样的人?诚实地回答这个问题,用丰富的细节和激情回答它,犹未为晚。
The answer to that question is your truly beautiful and unique gift tolife. Never stop reaching for the best you can imagine; for when you fulfillyour highest potential, you raise the whole world with you.
对那个问题的回答是你给生命的真正美丽又独特的馈赠,尽自己的所能永不停止地力求最好;因为,一旦你发挥出自己的最高潜能,你不但提升了自己,还提升了整个世界。
What I'd like to do today is talk about one of my favorite subjects, and that is the neuroscience of sleep.
Now, there is a sound -- (Alarm clock) -- aah, it worked -- a sound that is desperately, desperately familiar to most of us, and of course it's the sound of the alarm clock. And what that truly ghastly, awful sound does is stop the single most important behavioral experience that we have, and that's sleep. If you're an average sort of person, 36 percent of your life will be spent asleep, which means that if you live to 90, then 32 years will have been spent entirely asleep.
Now what that 32 years is telling us is that sleep at some level is important. And yet, for most of us, we don't give sleep a second thought. We throw it away. We really just don't think about sleep. And so what I'd like to do today is change your views, change your ideas and your thoughts about sleep. And the journey that I want to take you on, we need to start by going back in time.
"Enjoy the honey-heavy dew of slumber." Any ideas who said that? Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. Yes, let me give you a few more quotes. "O sleep, O gentle sleep, nature's soft nurse, how have I frighted thee?" Shakespeare again, from -- I won't say it -- the Scottish play. [Correction: Henry IV, Part 2] (Laughter) From the same time: "Sleep is the golden chain that ties health and our bodies together." Extremely prophetic, by Thomas Dekker, another Elizabethan dramatist.
But if we jump forward 400 years, the tone about sleep changes somewhat. This is from Thomas Edison, from the beginning of the 20th century. "Sleep is a criminal waste of time and a heritage from our cave days." Bang. (Laughter) And if we also jump into the 1980s, some of you may remember that Margaret Thatcher was reported to have said, "Sleep is for wimps." And of course the infamous -- what was his name? -- the infamous Gordon Gekko from "Wall Street" said, "Money never sleeps."
What do we do in the 20th century about sleep? Well, of course, we use Thomas Edison's light bulb to invade the night, and we occupied the dark, and in the process of this occupation, we've treated sleep as an illness, almost. We've treated it as an enemy. At most now, I suppose, we tolerate the need for sleep, and at worst perhaps many of us think of sleep as an illness that needs some sort of a cure. And our ignorance about sleep is really quite profound.
Why is it? Why do we abandon sleep in our thoughts? Well, it's because you don't do anything much while you're asleep, it seems. You don't eat. You don't drink. And you don't have sex. Well, most of us anyway. And so therefore it's -- Sorry. It's a complete waste of time, right? Wrong. Actually, sleep is an incredibly important part of our biology, and neuroscientists are beginning to explain why it's so very important. So let's move to the brain.
Now, here we have a brain. This is donated by a social scientist, and they said they didn't know what it was, or indeed how to use it, so -- (Laughter) Sorry. So I borrowed it. I don't think they noticed. Okay. (Laughter)
The point I'm trying to make is that when you're asleep, this thing doesn't shut down. In fact, some areas of the brain are actually more active during the sleep state than during the wake state. The other thing that's really important about sleep is that it doesn't arise from a single structure within the brain, but is to some extent a network property, and if we flip the brain on its back -- I love this little bit of spinal cord here -- this bit here is the hypothalamus, and right under there is a whole raft of interesting structures, not least the biological clock. The biological clock tells us when it's good to be up, when it's good to be asleep, and what that structure does is interact with a whole raft of other areas within the hypothalamus, the lateral hypothalamus, the ventrolateral preoptic nuclei. All of those combine, and they send projections down to the brain stem here. The brain stem then projects forward and bathes the cortex, this wonderfully wrinkly bit over here, with neurotransmitters that keep us awake and essentially provide us with our consciousness. So sleep arises from a whole raft of different interactions within the brain, and essentially, sleep is turned on and off as a result of a range of
Okay. So where have we got to? We've said that sleep is complicated and it takes 32 years of our life. But what I haven't explained is what sleep is about. So why do we sleep? And it won't surprise any of you that, of course, the scientists, we don't have a consensus. There are dozens of different ideas about why we sleep, and I'm going to outline three of those.
The first is sort of the restoration idea, and it's somewhat intuitive. Essentially, all the stuff we've burned up during the day, we restore, we replace, we rebuild during the night. And indeed, as an explanation, it goes back to Aristotle, so that's, what, 2,300 years ago. It's gone in and out of fashion. It's fashionable at the moment because what's been shown is that within the brain, a whole raft of genes have been shown to be turned on only during sleep, and those genes are associated with restoration and metabolic pathways. So there's good evidence for the whole restoration hypothesis.
What about energy conservation? Again, perhaps intuitive. You essentially sleep to save calories. Now, when you do the sums, though, it doesn't really pan out. If you compare an individual who has slept at night, or stayed awake and hasn't moved very much, the energy saving of sleeping is about 110 calories a night. Now, that's the equivalent of a hot dog bun. Now, I would say that a hot dog bun is kind of a meager return for such a complicated and demanding behavior as sleep. So I'm less convinced by the energy conservation idea.
But the third idea I'm quite attracted to, which is brain processing and memory consolidation. What we know is that, if after you've tried to learn a task, and you sleep-deprive individuals, the ability to learn that task is smashed. It's really hugely attenuated. So sleep and memory consolidation is also very important. However, it's not just the laying down of memory and recalling it. What's turned out to be really exciting is that our ability to come up with novel solutions to complex problems is hugely enhanced by a night of sleep. In fact, it's been estimated to give us a threefold advantage. Sleeping at night enhances our creativity. And what seems to be going on is that, in the brain, those neural connections that are important, those synaptic connections that are important, are linked and strengthened, while those that are less important tend to fade away and be less important.
Okay. So we've had three explanations for why we might sleep, and I think the important thing to realize is that the details will vary, and it's probable we sleep for multiple different reasons. But sleep is not an indulgence. It's not some sort of thing that we can take on board rather casually. I think that sleep was once likened to an upgrade from economy to business class, you know, the equiavlent of. It's not even an upgrade from economy to first class. The critical thing to realize is that if you don't sleep, you don't fly. Essentially, you never get there, and what's extraordinary about much of our society these days is that we are desperately sleep-deprived.
So let's now look at sleep deprivation. Huge sectors of society are sleep-deprived, and let's look at our sleep-o-meter. So in the 1950s, good data suggests that most of us were getting around about eight hours of sleep a night. Nowadays, we sleep one and a half to two hours less every night, so we're in the six-and-a-half-hours-every-night league. For teenagers, it's worse, much worse. They need nine hours for full brain performance, and many of them, on a school night, are only getting five hours of sleep. It's simply not enough. If we think about other sectors of society, the aged, if you are aged, then your ability to sleep in a single block is somewhat disrupted, and many sleep, again, less than five hours a night. Shift work. Shift work is extraordinary, perhaps 20 percent of the working population, and the body clock does not shift to the demands of working at night. It's locked onto the same light-dark cycle as the rest of us. So when the poor old shift worker is going home to try and sleep during the day, desperately tired, the body clock is saying, "Wake up. This is the time to be awake." So the quality of sleep that you get as a night shift worker is usually very poor, again in that sort of five-hour region. And then, of course, tens of millions of people suffer from jet lag. So who here has jet lag? Well, my goodness gracious. Well, thank you very much indeed for not falling asleep, because that's what your brain is craving.
One of the things that the brain does is indulge in micro-sleeps, this involuntary falling asleep, and you have essentially no control over it. Now, micro-sleeps can be sort of somewhat embarrassing, but they can also be deadly. It's been estimated that 31 percent of drivers will fall asleep at the wheel at least once in their life, and in the U.S., the statistics are pretty good: 100,000 accidents on the freeway have been associated with tiredness, loss of vigilance, and falling asleep. A hundred thousand a year. It's extraordinary. At another level of terror, we dip into the tragic accidents at Chernobyl and indeed the space shuttle Challenger, which was so tragically lost. And in the investigations that followed those disasters, poor judgment as a result of extended shift work and loss of vigilance and tiredness was attributed to a big chunk of those disasters.
So when you're tired, and you lack sleep, you have poor memory, you have poor creativity, you have increased impulsiveness, and you have overall poor judgment. But my friends, it's so much worse than that.
(Laughter)
If you are a tired brain, the brain is craving things to wake it up. So drugs, stimulants. Caffeine represents the stimulant of choice across much of the Western world. Much of the day is fueled by caffeine, and if you're a really naughty tired brain, nicotine. And of course, you're fueling the waking state with these stimulants, and then of course it gets to 11 o'clock at night, and the brain says to itself, "Ah, well actually, I need to be asleep fairly shortly. What do we do about that when I'm feeling completely wired?" Well, of course, you then resort to alcohol. Now alcohol, short-term, you know, once or twice, to use to mildly sedate you, can be very useful. It can actually ease the sleep transition. But what you must be so aware of is that alcohol doesn't provide sleep, a biological mimic for sleep. It sedates you. So it actually harms some of the neural proccessing that's going on during memory consolidation and memory recall. So it's a short-term acute measure, but for goodness sake, don't become addicted to alcohol as a way of getting to sleep every night.
Another connection between loss of sleep is weight gain. If you sleep around about five hours or less every night, then you have a 50 percent likelihood of being obese. What's the connection here? Well, sleep loss seems to give rise to the release of the hormone ghrelin, the hunger hormone. Ghrelin is released. It gets to the brain. The brain says, "I need carbohydrates," and what it does is seek out carbohydrates and particularly sugars. So there's a link between tiredness and the metabolic predisposition for weight gain.
Stress. Tired people are massively stressed. And one of the things of stress, of course, is loss of memory, which is what I sort of just then had a little lapse of. But stress is so much more. So if you're acutely stressed, not a great problem, but it's sustained stress associated with sleep loss that's the problem. So sustained stress leads to suppressed immunity, and so tired people tend to have higher rates of overall infection, and there's some very good studies showing that shift workers, for example, have higher rates of cancer. Increased levels of stress throw glucose into the circulation. Glucose becomes a dominant part of the vasculature and essentially you become glucose intolerant. Therefore, diabetes 2. Stress increases cardiovascular disease as a result of raising blood pressure. So there's a whole raft of things associated with sleep loss that are more than just a mildly impaired brain, which is where I think most people think that sleep loss resides.
So at this point in the talk, this is a nice time to think, well, do you think on the whole I'm getting enough sleep? So a quick show of hands. Who feels that they're getting enough sleep here? Oh. Well, that's pretty impressive. Good. We'll talk more about that later, about what are your tips.
So most of us, of course, ask the question, "Well, how do I know whether I'm getting enough sleep?" Well, it's not rocket science. If you need an alarm clock to get you out of bed in the morning, if you are taking a long time to get up, if you need lots of stimulants, if you're grumpy, if you're irritable, if you're told by your work colleagues that you're looking tired and irritable, chances are you are sleep-deprived. Listen to them. Listen to yourself.
What do you do? Well -- and this is slightly offensive -- sleep for dummies: Make your bedroom a haven for sleep. The first critical thing is make it as dark as you possibly can, and also make it slightly cool. Very important. Actually, reduce your amount of light exposure at least half an hour before you go to bed. Light increases levels of alertness and will delay sleep. What's the last thing that most of us do before we go to bed? We stand in a massively lit bathroom looking into the mirror cleaning our teeth. It's the worst thing we can possibly do before we went to sleep. Turn off those mobile phones. Turn off those computers. Turn off all of those things that are also going to excite the brain. Try not to drink caffeine too late in the day, ideally not after lunch. Now, we've set about reducing light exposure before you go to bed, but light exposure in the morning is very good at setting the biological clock to the light-dark cycle. So seek out morning light. Basically, listen to yourself. Wind down. Do those sorts of things that you know are going to ease you off into the honey-heavy dew of slumber.
Okay. That's some facts. What about some myths?
Teenagers are lazy. No. Poor things. They have a biological predisposition to go to bed late and get up late, so give them a break.
We need eight hours of sleep a night. That's an average. Some people need more. Some people need less. And what you need to do is listen to your body. Do you need that much or do you need more? Simple as that.
Old people need less sleep. Not true. The sleep demands of the aged do not go down. Essentially, sleep fragments and becomes less robust, but sleep requirements do not go down.
And the fourth myth is, early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. Well that's wrong at so many different levels. (Laughter) There is no, no evidence that getting up early and going to bed early gives you more wealth at all. There's no difference in socioeconomic status. In my experience, the only difference between morning people and evening people is that those people that get up in the morning early are just horribly smug.
(Laughter) (Applause)
Okay. So for the last part, the last few minutes, what I want to do is change gears and talk about some really new, breaking areas of neuroscience, which is the association between mental health, mental illness and sleep disruption. We've known for 130 years that in severe mental illness, there is always, always sleep disruption, but it's been largely ignored. In the 1970s, when people started to think about this again, they said, "Yes, well, of course you have sleep disruption in schizophrenia because they're on anti-psychotics. It's the anti-psychotics causing the sleep problems," ignoring the fact that for a hundred years previously, sleep disruption had been reported before anti-psychotics.
So what's going on? Lots of groups, several groups are studying conditions like depression, schizophrenia and bipolar, and what's going on in terms of sleep disruption. We have a big study which we published last year on schizophrenia, and the data were quite extraordinary. In those individuals with schizophrenia, much of the time, they were awake during the night phase and then they were asleep during the day. Other groups showed no 24-hour patterns whatsoever. Their sleep was absolutely smashed. And some had no ability to regulate their sleep by the light-dark cycle. They were getting up later and later and later and later each night. It was smashed.
So what's going on? And the really exciting news is that mental illness and sleep are not simply associated but they are physically linked within the brain. The neural networks that predispose you to normal sleep, give you normal sleep, and those that give you normal mental health are overlapping. And what's the evidence for that? Well, genes that have been shown to be very important in the generation of normal sleep, when mutated, when changed, also predispose individuals to mental health problems. And last year, we published a study which showed that a gene that's been linked to schizophrenia, which, when mutated, also smashes the sleep. So we have evidence of a genuine mechanistic overlap between these two important systems.
Other work flowed from these studies. The first was that sleep disruption actually precedes certain types of mental illness, and we've shown that in those young individuals who are at high risk of developing bipolar disorder, they already have a sleep abnormality prior to any clinical diagnosis of bipolar. The other bit of data was that sleep disruption may actually exacerbate, make worse the mental illness state. My colleague Dan Freeman has used a range of agents which have stabilized sleep and reduced levels of paranoia in those individuals by 50 percent.
So what have we got? We've got, in these connections, some really exciting things. In terms of the neuroscience, by understanding the neuroscience of these two systems, we're really beginning to understand how both sleep and mental illness are generated and regulated within the brain. The second area is that if we can use sleep and sleep disruption as an early warning signal, then we have the chance of going in. If we know that these individuals are vulnerable, early intervention then becomes possible. And the third, which I think is the most exciting, is that we can think of the sleep centers within the brain as a new therapeutic target. Stabilize sleep in those individuals who are vulnerable, we can certainly make them healthier, but also alleviate some of the appalling symptoms of mental illness.
So let me just finish. What I started by saying is take sleep seriously. Our attitudes toward sleep are so very different from a pre-industrial age, when we were almost wrapped in a duvet. We used to understand intuitively the importance of sleep. And this isn't some sort of crystal-waving nonsense. This is a pragmatic response to good health. If you have good sleep, it increases your concentration, attention, decision-making, creativity, social skills, health. If you get sleep, it reduces your mood changes, your stress, your levels of anger, your impulsivity, and your tendency to drink and take drugs. And we finished by saying that an understanding of the neuroscience of sleep is really informing the way we think about some of the causes of mental illness, and indeed is providing us new ways to treat these incredibly debilitating conditions.
Jim Butcher, the fantasy writer, said, "Sleep is God. Go worship." And I can only recommend that you do the same.
Thank you for your attention.
(Applause)
Over the next five minutes, my intention is to transform your relationship with sound. Let me start with the observation that most of the sound around us is accidental, and much of it is unpleasant. (Traffic noise) We stand on street corners, shouting over noise like this, and pretending that it doesn't exist. Well, this habit of suppressing sound has meant that our relationship with sound has become largely unconscious.
There are four major ways sound is affecting you all the time, and I'd like to raise them in your consciousness today. First is physiological. (Loud alarm clocks) Sorry about that. I've just given you a shot of cortisol, your fight/flight hormone. Sounds are affecting your hormone secretions all the time, but also your breathing, your heart rate -- which I just also did -- and your brainwaves.
It's not just unpleasant sounds like that that do it. This is surf. (Ocean waves) It has the frequency of roughly 12 cycles per minute. Most people find that very soothing, and, interestingly, 12 cycles per minute is roughly the frequency of the breathing of a sleeping human. There is a deep resonance with being at rest. We also associate it with being stress-free and on holiday.
The second way in which sound affects you is psychological. Music is the most powerful form of sound that we know that affects our emotional state. (Albinoni's Adagio) This is guaranteed to make most of you feel pretty sad if I leave it on. Music is not the only kind of sound, however, which affects your emotions.
Natural sound can do that too. Birdsong, for example, is a sound which most people find reassuring. (Birds chirping) There is a reason for that. Over hundreds of thousands of years we've learned that when the birds are singing, things are safe. It's when they stop you need to be worried.
The third way in which sound affects you is cognitively. You can't understand two people talking at once ("If you're listening to this version of") ("me you're on the wrong track.") or in this case one person talking twice. Try and listen to the other one. ("You have to choose which me you're going to listen to.")
We have a very small amount of bandwidth for processing auditory input, which is why noise like this -- (Office noise) -- is extremely damaging for productivity. If you have to work in an open-plan office like this, your productivity is greatly reduced. And whatever number you're thinking of, it probably isn't as bad as this. (Ominous music) You are one third as productive in open-plan offices as in quiet rooms. And I have a tip for you. If you have to work in spaces like that, carry headphones with you, with a soothing sound like birdsong. Put them on and your productivity goes back up to triple what it would be.
The fourth way in which sound affects us is behaviorally. With all that other stuff going on, it would be amazing if our behavior didn't change. (Techno music inside a car) So, ask yourself: Is this person ever going to drive at a steady 28 miles per hour? I don't think so. At the simplest, you move away from unpleasant sound and towards pleasant sounds. So if I were to play this -- (Jackhammer) -- for more than a few seconds, you'd feel uncomfortable; for more than a few minutes, you'd be leaving the room in droves. For people who can't get away from noise like that, it's extremely damaging for their health.
And that's not the only thing that bad sound damages. Most retail sound is inappropriate and accidental, and even hostile, and it has a dramatic effect on sales. For those of you who are retailers, you may want to look away before I show this slide. They are losing up to 30 percent of their business with people leaving shops faster, or just turning around on the door. We all have done it, leaving the area because the sound in there is so dreadful.
I want to spend just a moment talking about the model that we've developed, which allows us to start at the top and look at the drivers of sound, analyze the soundscape and then predict the four outcomes I've just talked about. Or start at the bottom, and say what outcomes do we want, and then design a soundscape to have a desired effect. At last we've got some science we can apply. And we're in the business of designing soundscapes.
Just a word on music. Music is the most powerful sound there is, often inappropriately deployed. It's powerful for two reasons. You recognize it fast, and you associate it very powerfully. I'll give you two examples. (First chord of The Beatles' "A Hard Day's Night") Most of you recognize that immediately. The younger, maybe not. (Laughter) (First two notes of "Jaws" theme) And most of you associate that with something! Now, those are one-second samples of music. Music is very powerful. And unfortunately it's veneering commercial spaces, often inappropriately. I hope that's going to change over the next few years.
The Way to a Man’s Heart…
He was her university teacher. He was smart, confident, and had a great sense of humor. And he was rather good-looking, too. The fact was, she had fallen in love with him. She sensed that he might like her. She had caught him looking at her more than once. What to do?
At the end of the semester, she waited till all the other students had left. She said she had a gift for him. He said that was very nice of her. Then he looked around for a wrapped package. Where was the gift, he asked. She said it was still at the store. She would pick him up and take him there that Saturday, if that was okay with him.
She picked him up at the Starbucks near his apartment. He was enjoying the mystery. He asked her: Was it an alarm clock so that he wouldn’t be late for class? Was it teaching materials, like markers and erasers? A new briefcase? An extra ink cartridge for his computer for when he printedhandouts? She said that she couldn’t comment.
They got to the mall and went into Nordstrom’s. “I hope it isn’t a suit,” he joked. “I never wear suits.”
“No, it isn’t. But it’s something that you always wear with a suit.”
“A tie? Why would I wear a tie if I never wear suits?”
“Not a tie, silly,” she said, as they walked into the shoe department. She had noticed that he always wore the same pair of shoes in class. She had guessed that he wore size 11, and had picked out a nice two-tone casual model by Clark. She hoped that he would like the shoes as much as she did. The shoes fit perfectly, and he did like them. When they left the store, he offered her his hand, and they walked out to her car hand in hand. She was tingling. “Let me at least buy you dinner,” he suggested as they got into her car.
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