People returning to work after a career break: I call them relaunchers. These are people who have taken career breaks for elder care, for childcare reasons, pursuing a personal interest or a personal health issue. Closely related are career transitioners of all kinds: veterans, military spouses, retirees coming out of retirement or repatriating expats. Returning to work after a career break is hard because of a disconnect between the employers and the relaunchers. Employers can view hiring people with a gap on their resume as a high-risk proposition, and individuals on career break can have doubts about their abilities to relaunch their careers, especially if they've been out for a long time. This disconnect is a problem that I'm trying to help solve.
有些人经过离职长假之后 重新投入到工作中来， 我称他们为“再从业者”。 这些人选择休离职长假， 有些是要照顾老人， 有些是要照顾孩子， 也有些是追求个人爱好， 或是健康因素。 各行各业转业的人 都与之紧密相关： 退伍军人、军嫂， 退休返聘的人， 或遣返回国者。 离职长假后重返工作 是非常困难的， 因为雇主和再从业者之间 有了隔阂。 雇主们认为，雇佣这些 简历上工作时间不连贯的人 是风险极高的决策， 而正在离职长假中的人 可能对自己再从业的能力产生疑虑， 特别是那些离职时间较长者。 两者间的缺乏联系 是我在尝试解决的问题。
Now, successful relaunchers are everywhere and in every field. This is Sami Kafala. He's a nuclear physicist in the UK who took a five-year career break to be home with his five children. The Singapore press recently wrote about nurses returning to work after long career breaks. And speaking of long career breaks, this is Mimi Kahn. She's a social worker in Orange County, California, who returned to work in a social services organization after a 25-year career break. That's the longest career break that I'm aware of. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor took a five-year career break early in her career.
如今，我们在各行各业 都能见到成功的再从业者。 这位是萨米·科法拉， 他是英国的一位核物理学家， 因为要在家照顾五个孩子 而度过了五年的离职长假。 新加坡的媒体最近发表了文章， 内容是有关离职长假后再从业的护士。 提到长时间的离职假期， 这位是米米·卡恩, 她是加州奥兰治县的一位社工， 她在度过20xx年的离职长假后 回到了一个社会服务组织工作。 这是据我所知最长的离职假期。 最高法院法官桑德拉·戴·奥康纳， 在其职业生涯早期 度过了五年离职长假。
And this is Tracy Shapiro, who took a 13-year career break. Tracy answered a call for essays by the Today Show from people who were trying to return to work but having a difficult time of it. Tracy wrote in that she was a mom of five who loved her time at home, but she had gone through a divorce and needed to return to work, plus she really wanted to bring work back into her life because she loved working. Tracy was doing what so many of us do when we feel like we've put in a good day in the job search. She was looking for a finance or accounting role, and she had just spent the last nine months very diligently researching companies online and applying for jobs with no results.
这位是特蕾西·莎碧罗， 她度过了20xx年的离职长假。 特蕾西答复了从“今日秀”节目观众中 征集到的问题， 他们想要重返工作， 却发现很难做到。 特蕾西写道：自己是五个孩子的母亲， 也很享受居家的时间， 但是她历经了一次离婚， 并且急需回到工作状态， 另外，她很想把工作 带回她的生活中， 因为她也很享受工作。 特蕾西也曾做过 我们很多人所做的事， 每天不停的搜寻合适的工作。 她找过财经、会计领域的职位， 她在那之前花掉了九个月时间， 很努力地调查网上的公司， 然后投放简历，却一无所获。
I met Tracy in June of 20xx, when the Today Show asked me if I could work with her to see if I could help her turn things around. The first thing I told Tracy was she had to get out of the house. I told her she had to go public with her job search and tell everyone she knew about her interest in returning to work. I also told her, "You are going to have a lot of conversations that don't go anywhere. Expect that, and don't be discouraged by it. There will be a handful that ultimately lead to a job opportunity."
我在20xx年六月见到了特蕾西， 那时“今日秀”节目 问我可否与她合作， 看我能不能帮她走出困境。 我告诉特蕾西的第一件事， 就是她必须走出家门。 我告诉她，她必须 公开自己求职的想法， 然后告诉她认识的所有人， 自己再从业的强烈意愿。 我还告诉她， “有很多你参与的对话 是对你完全没有帮助的。 你要做好心理准备， 别因为那些而灰心丧气。 找到工作机会之前， 确实要经历很多琐事。”
I'll tell you what happened with Tracy in a little bit, but I want to share with you a discovery that I made when I was returning to work after my own career break of 11 years out of the full-time workforce. And that is, that people's view of you is frozen in time. What I mean by this is, when you start to get in touch with people and you get back in touch with those people from the past, the people with whom you worked or went to school, they are going to remember you as you were before your career break. And that's even if your sense of self has diminished over time, as happens with so many of us the farther removed we are from our professional identities. So for example, you might think of yourself as someone who looks like this. This is me, crazy after a day of driving around in my minivan. Or here I am in the kitchen. But those people from the past, they don't know about any of this. They only remember you as you were, and it's a great confidence boost to be back in touch with these people and hear their enthusiasm about your interest in returning to work.
我稍后再告诉你们 特蕾西是如何处理的， 我想先跟大家分享 我的一个发现， 那时我刚刚回到工作中， 结束了自己离开全职工作大军 20xx年的长假。 这个发现就是， 人们对你的印象凝固在过去。 我的意思是， 当你再次开始与人打交道， 与曾经合作过的人重新接触， 例如跟你一起上学、工作过的人， 他们对你的印象是 离职长假之前的你。 我们的自我意识 随着时间推移逐渐淡化， 我们很多人都会这样， 我们距离我们的职业身份 也就越来越远。 举个例子， 你可能把你自己看成这样。 这就是我，开了一天小面包车， 整个人感觉很疯狂。 这是我在厨房里的样子。 但是从前的那些人， 他们对这些一无所知。 他们只记得你曾经的样子， 当你重新与这些人沟通时， 真是大大的增强了自信心， 而且他们对你有再从业的兴趣 感到非常的开心。
There's one more thing I remember vividly from my own career break. And that was that I hardly kept up with the business news. My background is in finance, and I hardly kept up with any news when I was home caring for my four young children. So I was afraid I'd go into an interview and start talking about a company that didn't exist anymore. So I had to resubscribe to the Wall Street Journal and read it for a good six months cover to cover before I felt like I had a handle on what was going on in the business world again.
我还清晰地记得发生在 我离职长假中的一件事。 那时我几乎完全不关注经济新闻。 我曾是财经行业出身， 然而我在家照顾四个孩子时， 我几乎不关注任何的新闻。 所以我很害怕， 自己去参加面试的时候， 会讲到一个不复存在的公司。 所以我重新订阅了华尔街日报， 然后连续看了六个月， 之后我才觉得自己对经济 又有了点解了。
I believe relaunchers are a gem of the workforce, and here's why. Think about our life stage: for those of us who took career breaks for childcare reasons, we have fewer or no maternity leaves. We did that already. We have fewer spousal or partner job relocations. We're in a more settled time of life. We have great work experience. We have a more mature perspective. We're not trying to find ourselves at an employer's expense. Plus we have an energy, an enthusiasm about returning to work precisely because we've been away from it for a while.
我相信再从业者是 劳动大军中的精英， 原因如下。 想想我们人生的阶段： 对于那些因为要照顾孩子 而休离职假期的人， 大都没有产假，或是产假很短。 我们早就做过这些了。 我们离婚率较低， 也很少因伴侣而调整工作。 我们的生活更稳定。 我们有很棒的工作经历， 更成熟的眼光， 我们不会成为雇主的牺牲品。 此外，我们有一种能量 - 重返岗位的热情， 正是因为我们离职一段时间了。 另外，我也跟雇主讨论，
On the flip side, I speak with employers, and here are two concerns that employers have about hiring relaunchers.
以下是雇主们 关于雇佣再从业者的两个担忧。
The first one is, employers are worried that relaunchers are technologically obsolete. Now, I can tell you, having been technologically obsolete myself at one point, that it's a temporary condition. I had done my financial analysis so long ago that I used Lotus 1-2-3. I don't know if anyone can even remember back that far, but I had to relearn it on Excel. It actually wasn't that hard. A lot of the commands are the same. I found PowerPoint much more challenging, but now I use PowerPoint all the time. I tell relaunchers that employers expect them to come to the table with a working knowledge of basic office management software. And if they're not up to speed, then it's their responsibility to get there. And they do.
其一，雇主担心这些再从业者 技术方面比较落后。 我可以告诉各位， 虽然有段时间我自己技术确实落后， 但那只是暂时的。 很早以前我用“莲花123”软件 来做财经分析， 我不知道有没有人还记得 那么早以前的事了， 这些技能我得在 Excel上重新拾起。 其实这并并非难事， 很多的操作指令是一样的。 我发现PowerPoint更具挑战性， 但现在我对PowerPoint驾轻就熟。 我告诉再从业者们， 雇主希望找工作的人 对基本的办公管理软件 有实践经验。 如果他们操作速度不够快， 那他们就必须变得更高效。 而他们确实做得到。
The second area of concern that employers have about relaunchers is they're worried that relaunchers don't know what they want to do. I tell relaunchers that they need to do the hard work to figure out whether their interests and skills have changed or have not changed while they have been on career break. That's not the employer's job. It's the relauncher's responsibility to demonstrate to the employer where they can add the most value.
雇主对再从业者的第二种忧虑， 就是他们担心再从业者 不清楚他们想要做什么。 我告诉再从业者， 他们必须仔细研究， 了解自己的爱好或者技能 在离职长假的过程中 是否发生了变化。 这不是雇主的职责。 这个是再从业者的责任， 把自己展现给雇主， 来充分展示自己可创造的价值。
Back in 20xx I started noticing something. I had been tracking return to work programs since 20xx, and in 20xx, I started noticing the use of a short-term paid work opportunity, whether it was called an internship or not, but an internship-like experience, as a way for professionals to return to work. I saw Goldman Sachs and Sara Lee start corporate reentry internship programs. I saw a returning engineer, a nontraditional reentry candidate, apply for an entry-level internship program in the military, and then get a permanent job afterward. I saw two universities integrate internships into mid-career executive education programs.
20xx年，我开始注意到一件事。 我从20xx年开始追踪 人们重返岗位的情况， 然而在20xx年，我开始注意到， 一种短期、带薪的工作机会开始出现， 不论它是不是名叫“实习”， 但总之是一个很像实习的经历， 这为重回岗位的专业人士 开辟了一条道路。 我看到高盛和莎莉集团 都开始了此类 二次从业的实习项目。 我看到一个再从业的工程师， 算是不太传统的再从业人士， 申请了一个 军方的初级实习项目， 后来他获得了一个永久的工作。 我看到两所大学 将实习项目整合到 职业中期管理学教育项目中。
So I wrote a report about what I was seeing, and it became this article for Harvard Business Review called "The 40-Year-Old Intern." I have to thank the editors there for that title, and also for this artwork where you can see the 40-year-old intern in the midst of all the college interns. And then, courtesy of Fox Business News, they called the concept "The 50-Year-Old Intern."
于是，就我所观察到的现象， 我写了一篇报告， 后来它发表在了 《哈佛商业评论》中， 名字叫《40岁的实习生》。 我必须得感谢编者拟的标题， 还有这个很棒的配图， 你们可以看到那个40岁的实习生 出现在一群大学实习生中。 后来，还得感谢福克斯商业新闻， 他们把这个概念称为 “50岁的实习生”。
So five of the biggest financial services companies have reentry internship programs for returning finance professionals. And at this point, hundreds of people have participated. These internships are paid, and the people who move on to permanent roles are commanding competitive salaries. And now, seven of the biggest engineering companies are piloting reentry internship programs for returning engineers as part of an initiative with the Society of Women Engineers. Now, why are companies embracing the reentry internship? Because the internship allows the employer to base their hiring decision on an actual work sample instead of a series of interviews, and the employer does not have to make that permanent hiring decision until the internship period is over. This testing out period removes the perceived risk that some managers attach to hiring relaunchers, and they are attracting excellent candidates who are turning into great hires.
五家最大的金融服务公司 都设立了再从业实习项目， 专为重回岗位的金融精英。 截至目前，数百人参与了这些项目。 这些实习项目是带薪的， 而且那些晋升到永久岗位的人， 都有极具竞争力的薪资。 现在，七家最大的工程公司， 也在推行再从业实习项目， 来帮助重返岗位的工程师， 这也是女性工程师协会 新方案的一部分。 那么，为什么这些企业 大力支持再从业实习呢? 因为这种实习可以让雇主 基于参与者实际工作成效 来做出雇佣决策， 而非一系列的面试， 而且雇主不必在实习结束之前 就做出永久雇佣的决定。 这段试验期消除了一定的风险， 这关乎某些经理人 对雇佣再从业者的担忧， 同时，这也吸引了大量再从业人士， 他们成为了出色的雇佣对象。
Think about how far we have come. Before this, most employers were not interested in engaging with relaunchers at all. But now, not only are programs being developed specifically with relaunchers in mind, but you can't even apply for these programs unless you have a gap on your résumé.
各位,想一想我们取得的进步， 在此之前，大多数雇主 根本没兴趣与再从业者打交道。 然而现在，有许多项目在开展实施， 特别是针对再从业者的项目， 如果简历上没有一段空档期， 你根本不能申请这些项目。
This is the mark of real change, of true institutional shift, because if we can solve this problem for relaunchers, we can solve it for other career transitioners too. In fact, an employer just told me that their veterans return to work program is based on their reentry internship program. And there's no reason why there can't be a retiree internship program. Different pool, same concept.
这标志着一种实质变化， 一种真正的制度变革， 因为如果我们可以 为再从业者解决这个问题， 我们亦可为其他的职业转型者 解决同样的问题。 事实上，一位雇主刚刚告诉我， 他们的“退伍军人再从业项目”， 就是基于他们的再从业实习项目。 我们也没有理由不去设立 一个“退休人士实习项目”。 不同的对象，相同的概念。
So let me tell you what happened with Tracy Shapiro. Remember that she had to tell everyone she knew about her interest in returning to work. Well, one critical conversation with another parent in her community led to a job offer for Tracy, and it was an accounting job in a finance department. But it was a temp job. The company told her there was a possibility it could turn into something more, but no guarantees. This was in the fall of 20xx. Tracy loved this company, and she loved the people and the office was less than 10 minutes from her house. So even though she had a second job offer at another company for a permanent full-time role, she decided to take her chances with this internship and hope for the best. Well, she ended up blowing away all of their expectations, and the company not only made her a permanent offer at the beginning of 20xx, but they made it even more interesting and challenging, because they knew what Tracy could handle.
让我告诉你们特蕾西·莎碧罗 最后发生了什么。 各位回想一下， 她必须告诉她认识的每一个人， 自己对重返工作岗位很有兴趣。 结果，她与自己社区里的长辈 进行了一次关键的谈话， 这让她找到了一份工作邀请。 那是一个金融部门的会计工作。 但那是临时的。 公司告诉她， 有可能有岗位晋升的机会， 但是不能保证。 那是20xx年的秋天。 特蕾西很爱那个公司， 而且她喜欢那里的员工， 从办公室去她家只需10分钟。 所以即使她后来得到了 第二份工作邀请， 来自另一家公司， 而且有永久、全职的保证， 她决定在这份实习项目中冒冒险， 尽人事，听天命。 最后，她的业绩 远远超出了所有人的期望值， 公司不但提供了她永久岗位， 那是在20xx年初， 而且他们还让她的工作 更加有趣、有挑战性， 因为他们知道特蕾西可以办得到。
Fast forward to 20xx, Tracy's been promoted. They've paid for her to get her MBA at night. She's even hired another relauncher to work for her. Tracy's temp job was a tryout, just like an internship, and it ended up being a win for both Tracy and her employer.
时间快进到20xx年， 特蕾西获得了晋升。 公司为她的夜校工商管理课程买单。 她甚至雇佣了 另一位再从业者为她工作。 特蕾西的临时工作像是一个试验， 就像实习项目， 而最终，特蕾西和她的雇主 达到了双赢局面。
Now, my goal is to bring the reentry internship concept to more and more employers. But in the meantime, if you are returning to work after a career break, don't hesitate to suggest an internship or an internship-like arrangement to an employer that does not have a formal reentry internship program. Be their first success story, and you can be the example for more relaunchers to come.
我的目标是将这种 再从业实习的概念 推荐给越来越多的雇主。 但是与此同时， 如果你在离职长假后重返岗位， 别犹豫向雇主提议设立实习项目， 或者类似实习项目的想法， 特别是那些没有 正式的再从业实习项目的公司。 争当他们的第一个成功故事， 而你们都可以成为 未来更多再从业者的楷模。
Thank you.
谢谢大家。
When Dorothy was a little girl, she wasfascinated by her goldfish. Her father explained to her that fish swim byquickly wagging their tails to propel themselves through the water. Withouthesitation, little Dorothy responded, "Yes, Daddy, and fish swim backwardsby wagging their heads."
当多萝西还是一个小女孩的时候，她被她的金鱼迷住了。她的父亲向她解释，鱼是通过快速摇尾推动自己在水中前进。毫无犹豫地，小多萝西回答道，“是的，爸爸，而且鱼会通过摇头来后退。”
In her mind, it was a fact as true as anyother. Fish swim backwards by wagging their heads. She believed it.
在她的心里，这是一个确切的事实。鱼通过摇头来后退。她坚信如此。
Our lives are full of fish swimmingbackwards. We make assumptions and faulty leaps of logic. We harbor bias. Weknow that we are right, and they are wrong. We fear the worst. We strive forunattainable perfection. We tell ourselves what we can and cannot do. In ourminds, fish swim by in reverse frantically wagging their heads and we don'teven notice them.
我们的生活中充满着倒游的鱼。我们制造假设和错误跳跃的逻辑。我们心怀偏见。我们知道我们是对的，而他们是错的。我们害怕最糟糕的。我们力求无法获得的完美。我们告诉自己什么是我们能做的和不能做的。在我们心里，鱼是通过往相反方向疯狂摇头来游泳的，而我们甚至不曾察觉过它们。
I'm going to tell you five facts aboutmyself. One fact is not true. One: I graduated from Harvard at 19 with anhonors degree in mathematics. Two: I currently run a construction company inOrlando. Three: I starred on a television sitcom. Four: I lost my sight to arare genetic eye disease. Five: I served as a law clerk to two US Supreme Courtjustices. Which fact is not true? Actually, they're all true. Yeah. They're alltrue.
我想告诉你们五件关于我的事实。其中有一件不是真的。第一：我19岁的时候以数学荣誉学士学位毕业于哈佛大学。第二：我现在在奥兰多经营着一家建筑公司。第三：我主演过一部电视情景剧。第四：我因为患上一种罕有的遗传性眼疾而失去了视力。第五：我曾经给两位美国最高法院的法官当过法律助手。哪一个不是真的呢?事实上，它们都是真的。是的，它们都是真的。
At this point, most people really only careabout the television show.
这时候，大部分人其实都只关心那部电视剧。
I know this from experience. OK, so theshow was NBC's "Saved by the Bell: The New Class." And I playedWeasel Wyzell, who was the sort of dorky, nerdy character on the show, whichmade it a very major acting challenge for me as a 13-year-old boy.
这是经验告诉我的。好吧，那部电视剧是NBC的“SavedbytheBell:TheNewClass."而我饰演了WeaselWyzell，一个在剧中带点笨拙书呆子性格的角色，对于13岁的我来说，这是一个很重大的演出挑战。
Now, did you struggle with number four, myblindness? Why is that? We make assumptions about so-called disabilities. As ablind man, I confront others' incorrect assumptions about my abilities everyday. My point today is not about my blindness, however. It's about my vision.Going blind taught me to live my life eyes wide open. It taught me to spotthose backwards-swimming fish that our minds create. Going blind cast them intofocus.
现在，你是否纠结于第四个事实，我的失明?为什么会这样呢?我们对所谓的残疾做出一些假设。作为盲人，我每天都面对别人对我能力的错误假设。然而，我今天的重点不在于我的失明。而是在于我的视野。失明教会我用开阔的眼界去生活。它教会我去发现那些倒游的鱼，我们内心创造出来的鱼。失明使它们变成了焦点。
What does it feel like to see? It'simmediate and passive. You open your eyes and there's the world. Seeing isbelieving. Sight is truth. Right? Well, that's what I thought.
看得见是怎么样的一种感觉?是即时并且被动的。你睁开双眼，世界就在你眼前。看见什么相信什么。眼见为实。对吧?好吧，我当初是这么想的。
Then, from age 12 to 25, my retinasprogressively deteriorated. My sight became an increasingly bizarre carnivalfunhouse hall of mirrors and illusions. The salesperson I was relieved to spotin a store was really a mannequin. Reaching down to wash my hands, I suddenlysaw it was a urinal I was touching, not a sink, when my fingers felt its trueshape.
接着，从12岁到15岁，我的视网膜逐渐衰弱。我的视像变成了愈加奇异的嘉年华游乐场里的哈哈镜。我在商店里好不容易发现的销售员实际上是一个人体模型。俯下身去洗手，当我的手指感受到它的真实形状，我意识到我去触摸的是小便池，而不是洗手池。
A friend described the photograph in my hand, and only then I could seethe image depicted. Objects appeared, morphed and disappeared in my reality. Itwas difficult and exhausting to see. I pieced together fragmented, transitoryimages, consciously analyzed the clues, searched for some logic in my crumblingkaleidoscope, until I saw nothing at all.
一位朋友向我描述我手中的照片，只有在那时候我才能明白图像描画了些什么。物体在我的现实中出现、变形和消失。看见成为了一件困难的使我筋疲力尽的事情。我把支离破碎的、片刻的图像拼接起来，凭感觉分析线索，在我破碎的万花筒中寻找符合逻辑的对应，直到我什么都看不见。
I learned that what we see is not universaltruth. It is not objective reality. What we see is a unique, personal, virtualreality that is masterfully constructed by our brain.
我认识到我们所看到的并不即是普遍真理。并不是客观现实。我们所看到的是独一无二的虚拟现实，它是由我们的大脑巧妙地构造出来的。
Let me explain with a bit of amateurneuroscience. Your visual cortex takes up about 30 percent of your brain.That's compared to approximately eight percent for touch and two to threepercent for hearing. Every second, your eyes can send your visual cortex as manyas two billion pieces of information. The rest of your body can send your brainonly an additional billion. So sight is one third of your brain by volume andcan claim about two thirds of your brain's processing resources. It's nosurprise then that the illusion of sight is so compelling. But make no mistakeabout it: sight is an illusion.
请让我以外行的身份解释一遍神经系统学。你的视觉皮层占据了你脑部的大概30%。相比于触觉的8%以及听觉的2-3%。每一秒钟，你的双眼能够向你的视觉皮层传达多达二十亿的信息片段。其余的身体部分加起来也仅能够传达另外的十亿。所以视觉占据了你脑部容量的三分之一并且占用了你脑部中三分之二的信息处理资源。因此意想得到的是视觉幻象是多么的令人信服。但是别误会了：我们所看到的只是一种幻象。
Here's where it gets interesting. To createthe experience of sight, your brain references your conceptual understanding ofthe world, other knowledge, your memories, opinions, emotions, mentalattention. All of these things and far more are linked in your brain to yoursight. These linkages work both ways, and usually occur subconsciously. So for example, what you see impacts how you feel, and the way you feel can literally change what you see.
这是事情变得有趣的地方。为了制造视觉经验，你的大脑参考了你对这个世界的概念性理解，其它知识、你的记忆、看法、情绪和心理关注。所有的这些东西和以及其它的都连结于你的大脑和视觉景象之间。这些连结是双向作用的，并且常常在潜意识中发生。举例子来说，你所看到的会影响到你的感觉，而你的感觉又能够直接改变你所看到的。
Numerous studies demonstrate this. If you are asked toestimate the walking speed of a man in a video, for example, your answer willbe different if you're told to think about cheetahs or turtles. A hill appearssteeper if you've just exercised, and a landmark appears farther away if you'rewearing a heavy backpack. We have arrived at a fundamental contradiction.
许多的研究证明了这一点。如果你被要求去估计视频中人物的行走速度，举例来说，在被告知去想着猎豹或者乌龟的情况下，你的答案将会不一样。如果你刚刚运动完，你会感觉山变陡峭了，如果你背着一个很重的背包，眼前的目的地看起来距离更远。我们在这里遇到了一种基本的矛盾。
What you see is a complex mental construction of your own making, but you experienceit passively as a direct representation of the world around you. You createyour own reality, and you believe it. I believed mine until it broke apart. Thedeterioration of my eyes shattered the illusion.
你肉眼所看到的东西是你自己创造的一种复杂的心智建造，但是你被动地经历着它让它作为你周遭世界的一种直接呈现。你创造了属于你自己的现实并且深信着它。我深信于我的现实直到它瓦解了。我双眼的衰退粉碎了这种幻象。
You see, sight is just one way we shape ourreality. We create our own realities in many other ways. Let's take fear asjust one example. Your fears distort your reality. Under the warped logic offear, anything is better than the uncertain. Fear fills the void at all costs,passing off what you dread for what you know, offering up the worst in place ofthe ambiguous, substituting assumption for reason. Psychologists have a greatterm for it: awfulizing.
你看，视觉只是我们认识世界的一种途径。我们可以通过许多其它的方式去创造属于我们自己的现实。让我们来举恐惧作为一个例子。你的恐惧扭曲了你的现实。在扭曲的恐惧逻辑影响下，任何事情都比未知要好。恐惧不惜一切代价填补空白，把你所惧怕的冒充成你所知道的，让最糟糕取代了不明确，使假设代替了原因。心理学家对此有一个很好的术语：往坏处想。
Right? Fear replaces the unknown with theawful. Now, fear is self-realizing. When you face the greatest need to lookoutside yourself and think critically, fear beats a retreat deep inside yourmind, shrinking and distorting your view, drowning your capacity for criticalthought with a flood of disruptive emotions. When you face a compellingopportunity to take action, fear lulls you into inaction, enticing you topassively watch its prophecies fulfill themselves.
对吧?恐惧把未知的替换成了可怕的。现在，恐惧在自我实现着。当你非常迫切的需要去客观看待自己并进行批判性思考的时候，恐惧在你的内心深处打起了退堂鼓，收缩并扭曲你的观点，以洪水般涌现的破坏性情绪淹没你批判思考的能力。当你面对一个极具吸引力的机会去采取行动时，恐惧误导你去无所作为，诱使你被动地看着它的预言一个个实现成真。
When I was diagnosed with my blindingdisease, I knew blindness would ruin my life. Blindness was a death sentencefor my independence. It was the end of achievement for me. Blindness meant Iwould live an unremarkable life, small and sad, and likely alone. I knew it.This was a fiction born of my fears, but I believed it. It was a lie, but itwas my reality, just like those backwards-swimming fish in little Dorothy'smind. If I had not confronted the reality of my fear, I would have lived it. Iam certain of that.
当我被诊出患有致盲眼疾时，我料到失明将会毁了我的生活。失明对我的独立能力判了死刑。它是我一生成就的终点。失明意味着我将度过平凡的一生，渺小且凄惨，极有可能孤独终老。我就知道会这样。这是我因为恐惧带来的胡编乱造，但我相信了。它是一个谎言，但它曾是我的现实。就像小多萝西内心那些倒游的鱼一样。如若我不曾面对过我内心恐惧创造出来的现实，我会就那样活着。我很确定。
So how do you live your life eyes wideopen? It is a learned discipline. It can be taught. It can be practiced. I willsummarize very briefly.
所以你们如何去以开阔的眼界生活呢?这是一个需要学习的学科。它能被传授。它能被练习。我简单地总结一下。
Hold yourself accountable for every moment,every thought, every detail. See beyond your fears. Recognize your assumptions.Harness your internal strength. Silence your internal critic. Correct yourmisconceptions about luck and about success. Accept your strengths and yourweaknesses, and understand the difference. Open your hearts to your bountifulblessings.
让自己学会负责，对每一时刻，每个想法，每个细节。超越你内心的恐惧。识别出你所作的假设。展现你内在的能力。消除你内心的批判。修正你对于运气和成功的错误概念。接受自己的长处和短处，并清楚认识它们之间的区别。打开你的心扉去迎接对你满满的祝福。
Your fears, your critics, your heroes, yourvillains -- they are your excuses, rationalizations, shortcuts, justifications,your surrender. They are fictions you perceive as reality. Choose to seethrough them. Choose to let them go. You are the creator of your reality. Withthat empowerment comes complete responsibility.
你的恐惧，你的批判，你的英雄，你的敌人——他们都是你的借口、合理化作用、捷径、辩护、屈服。它们是你错认为现实的小说。尝试选择看穿它们。尝试让它们远离自己。你是自我现实的创造者。伴随这种权利而来的是你需要负起全部的责任。
I chose to step out of fear's tunnel intoterrain uncharted and undefined. I chose to build there a blessed life. Farfrom alone, I share my beautiful life with Dorothy, my beautiful wife, with ourtriplets, whom we call the Tripskys, and with the latest addition to thefamily, sweet baby Clementine.
我选择走出恐惧的隧道，步入了未知的领域。我选择在那里构建幸福的人生。远离孤单，我分享我的美好生活，与多萝西，我美丽的妻子，与我们的三胞胎，我们称之为“Tripskys”，还有新添的家庭成员，可爱的宝贝克莱蒙蒂。
What do you fear? What lies do you tellyourself? How do you embellish your truth and write your own fictions? Whatreality are you creating for yourself?
你在害怕什么?你在欺骗自己什么?你是如何修饰自己的真相，编写自己的小说?你在为自己创造着怎么样的现实?
In your career and personal life, in yourrelationships, and in your heart and soul, your backwards-swimming fish do yougreat harm. They exact a toll in missed opportunities and unrealized potential,and they engender insecurity and distrust where you seek fulfillment andconnection. I urge you to search them out.
在你的职业生涯和个人生活中，在你的人际关系中，在你的内心和灵魂中，倒游的鱼给你带来巨大的伤害。它们使你为错失的机会以及尚未实现的潜能付出代价。它们在你寻求满足与联系时引起你的不安以及不信任。我呼吁大家把它们找出来。
Helen Keller said that the only thing worsethan being blind is having sight but no vision. For me, going blind was aprofound blessing, because blindness gave me vision. I hope you can see what Isee.
海伦·凯勒曾说过，唯一比失明更糟糕的是拥有视力，却没有远见。失明对我来说是一种深深的祝福，因为失明给予了我远见。我衷心希望你们也能看见我所看见的。
Thank you.(Applause)
谢谢。(掌声)
Bruno Giussani: Isaac, before you leave thestage, just a question. This is an audience of entrepreneurs, of doers, ofinnovators. You are a CEO of a company down in Florida, and many are probablywondering, how is it to be a blind CEO? What kind of specific challenges do youhave, and how do you overcome them?
布鲁诺·朱萨尼：艾萨克，在你离开之前，我想问一个问题。在座的各位都是创业者、实干家、创新者。你是佛罗里达一家公司的执行总裁，很多人大概都会好奇，身为一名失明的执行总裁究竟是怎么样的呢?这使你面临哪些具体的挑战，而你又是怎么克服它们的呢?
Isaac Lidsky: Well, the biggest challengebecame a blessing. I don't get visual feedback from people.
艾萨克·利德斯基：好吧，最大的挑战成了一种祝福。我看不到别人的反应。
BG: What's that noise there? IL: Yeah. So,for example, in my leadership team meetings, I don't see facial expressions orgestures. I've learned to solicit a lot more verbal feedback. I basically forcepeople to tell me what they think. And in this respect, it's become, like Isaid, a real blessing for me personally and for my company, because wecommunicate at a far deeper level, we avoid ambiguities, and most important, myteam knows that what they think truly matters.
布：有什么声音在哪里吗?艾：是的。比如说在我的领导团队的会议中，我无法看到别人的表情或者手势。我学会去征求更多的言语反馈。我基本都要求人们把他们的想法告诉我。正因如此，它成为了，如我所说，对我个人还有我公司的一种真正的祝福。因为我们获得了更深层次的沟通。我们避免了歧义，还有更重要的，我的团队清楚知道他们的想法是真的要紧的。
BG: Isaac, thank you for coming to TED. IL:Thank you, Bruno.
布：艾萨克，感谢你来到了TED。艾：谢谢你，布鲁诺。
you will live every single day of your life with absolute passion, and youwill show your passion through the words you speak and the actions you take.
you will focus all your time and effort on the most important goals of yourlife. you will never succumb to challenges of hardships.
you will never waver in your pursuit of excellence. after all,you are thebest, and you deserve the best!
as your coach and friend, i can assure you the door to all the best thingsin the world will open to you, but the key to that door is in your hand. youmust do your part, you must faithfully follow the plans you make and take theactions you plan, you must never quit, you must never fear. i know you must doit, you can do it, you will do it, and you will succeed!
now stand firm and tall, make a fist, get excited, and yell it out:
i must do it! i can do it! i will do it! i will succeed!
译文：你将生活的每一天你的生活有绝对的激情，你会显示您的热情，通过你说的话和你的行动。
你将集中所有的时间和精力的最重要目标的生活。你将永远不会屈服于挑战困难。
你决不会动摇在您的追求卓越。毕竟，你是最好的，你应该得到最好的!
正如你的教练和朋友，我可以向你保证的大门向所有的最好的事情在世界将开放给你，但关键的门是在你的手。你必须做你的一部分，你必须忠实地按照你的计划，并采取行动你计划，您必须从没有放弃过，你绝不能害怕。我知道你必须这样做，你可以做到这一点，你会做到这一点，你会成功!
现在，立场坚定，身材高大，握拳，兴奋，并大叫出来：
我必须这么做!我能做到这一点!我将做到这一点!我会成功!
My name is Jie Lidi. Today, my topic is: “Confidence”. As we all know, failure is the mother of success. But What I want to say is that success is the child of confidence. Without confidence, things can become negative and uncomfortable. I remember, during an English class, I wanted to make a sentence using the word "listen". I should have said: "I listen to the Voice of America" but I was too nervous and said "I listen to the Noise of America". Everybody in the class laughed. Since then I wanted to train myself to be confident. Now, confidence makes me brave and courageous. Take this speech for example. I wanted to enter this competition, but I would feel very embarrassed if I made mistakes. Just then, I thought about my dream. My dream is to become a scientist when I grow up. If I am not confident, how can I overcome difficulties I face? If I am not confident, how can I succeed in developing myself in the future? I will do it! Today, I am making a speech in public and I feel proud and confident!
I am sure, in the future, with confidence, I will go forward-always forward. Confidence will make my dreams come true!
Thank you!
Success is made up of one percent talent and ninety-nine percent effort.
The process of climbing is hard, but the scenery of the top is different than it in the bottom of the order to see the scenery of the top, we must overcome all difficulties bravely thing easy to say , but difficult to do. The peak looks so far away from our, the leg is so painful, and others say that, forget it, you can't climb up, quickly stop and rest.
So, the higher of the mountain, the fewer people. But, could we give up the scenery of the peak? although Success is far away, but there it is, it hands to us ,and encourage us to persist a while, the most beautiful scenery will belong to us. So, no matter how tired, no matter how hard, we still adhere to the teeth, until success. Like Chris Gardner, in order to survive, to his son, he works very hard, although so tired that even want to give up, but he knew, giving up is a thorough failure, means coming back to the origin, losting hope at the same time. You got a dream, you gonna protect it. When we at the most hard time, hold on for a moment, will be the most beautiful scenery.
Successful people will never give up after the storm, rather than born with the ability to got ks!
My Chinese Dream
我的中国梦
I am very glad to stand here to give thier a short speech.Today my topic is that the youth are the future of motherland
很高兴站在这里做这篇短小的演讲，我演讲的主题是青年是祖国的未来。
When preparing for the English speech contest, I simply want to search some articles as the contents of my speech. I read a lot of articles, some from the university professor, some from the famous host, some from the college students, and even from junior high school students. But after reading it, I gave up the idea, I even felt shameful. Today,the topic I want to talk about is a solemn and serious theme full of glory and pride, which is a common aspiration of all our Chinese. Every Chinese has his own dream of China, and of course, there is a dream lingering in my heart only belongs to my own.
在准备英语演讲比赛的时候，我本想简单地从网上搜索一些文章作为我演讲的内容。我看过很多文章，有著名主持人的、北大教授的、大学生的，也有初中生的。但是看完之后，我放弃了当初的想法，我甚至为当初的想法感到有一些羞愧。因为今天我站在这里向大家演讲的主题，是一个庄重而严肃的主题;是一个充满荣耀与自豪的主题;是每一个中华儿女共同期盼的主题。每个人都有属于他们自己的中国梦，而我，当然也有一直萦绕在心怀只属于我的中国梦。
So what’s my Chinese dream ? Finally I will announce.
We had learned a lot of knowledge and understood a lot of truth in the book. We had a basic concept to our country at that time. We know that our country is full of sunshine , and we are the future of our country, and our dreams are to be the hope of our motherland.
我的中国梦是什么样的?先卖个关子。
记得刚刚上学那会儿，我们天真无邪。在课本里，我们学到了很多很多知识，也明白了很多很多道理，我们对祖国也有了一个最基本的概念。我们知道我们的祖国到处充满阳光，正在慢慢发展，而我们，就是祖国未来的花朵，未来的希望。我们梦想将来能够成为祖国的希望。
However,We don't know what time to start,We are grow up,Life became not the same, though we don’t want to admit, it’s the truth that our mind and attitude to our country is changing. Our society became full of deception, indifference, intrigue, pressure, corruption, sinister, and we became irritable and not calm, detest the world and its ways. Our country seems to have become in a disastrous state too. A lot of young students who were nurtured by our motherland became impatient, let alone what are their dreams , what is the china dream ?
这，是我们最初的中国梦。最真诚的我们，最真诚的梦。
但是，不知道什么时候开始，我们长大了，生活似乎一下子变得和以前不太一样了，与此同时，虽然我们很不想承认但是却又不得不承认的是，我们的思想，我们的为人处世观，我们对我们祖国的看法，也潜移默化中慢慢开始了转变。我们的社会变得到处充满欺骗、冷漠、勾心斗角、压力、腐败、险恶，我们变得暴躁，不冷静，愤世嫉俗。我们的国家，似乎也开始变得千疮百孔。而好多我们亲爱的祖国委以重任培养的青年学生们变得轻浮、急躁，更别提什么梦想，什么中国梦了?
I was surprised ,when the old man fell down in the street,We are afraid to help him.I was disappointed ,when someone do good things were reported,many people think he was affectation, I was sad,when I saw many of young people become indifferent ,fraud and lack of ideal.
Are we sick, or is our dear motherland sick?
我很惊讶，当大街上有老人摔倒，我们不敢再去扶起;我很难过，当有人做了好事被报道，更多的人说他做作;我很伤心，当我看到我们众多的青年人变得冷漠、市侩、欺诈以及缺乏理想。
到底是我们病了，还是我们亲爱的祖国病了?
I don't want to talk about the construction of our country politics, and also speak impassioned speech on the Diaoyu Island event .I just want to appeal young people,showing the side of youth,good and confidence.We must learn to organize our own thoughts, correct our own concept, and change our direction to the right side in future life. China dream actually lies in our young generation, especially of the intellectuals.
我的中国梦，不想大谈政治，也不想对钓鱼岛事件发表慷慨激昂的演讲。我只想呼吁，呼吁我们年轻人，呼吁我们祖国的希望能够将我们的青春一面，将我们的善良一面，将我们的自信一面好好展现出来。我们要学会整理自己的思想，端正自己看问题的观念，摆正自己的人生方向。我们的中国梦实际上正掌握在我们自己手上，掌握在我们年青一代，尤其是知识分子手上。
Perhaps the strength of a person is small, but when his or her fate is connected with the motherland, he or she will be hero or heroine. Perhaps a dream is tiny, but when it becomes the dream of a country, it becomes inestimable. Perhaps I cannot change our country by my own, but if thousands and thousands of young people struggle for the dream together, our motherland is enough to make the world shock.
也许，一个人，是渺小的;但是当他和祖国联系起来时，就是伟大的。也许，一个梦想，是渺小的，但是当它成为祖国的梦想时，就是不可估量的。也许，我无法用自己一个人的力量撬起整个中国，但是我们千千万万年轻人一起为祖国的梦想去奋斗时，我们的祖国就足以令世界颤抖、动容。
I dream to construct our beauty China with millions of young people who have the same dream. We do it without exaggeration but only with persistence.
我梦想和万千具有相同梦想的年轻人去建设我们的美丽中国，没有虚浮，只有执着，只有奋斗，只有勇于担当。这就是我的中国梦!
That is my speech,thanks everyone.
我的演讲就到这里，谢谢大家。
Good morning everyone!
My name is Jie Lidi. Today, my topic is: “Confidence”. As we all know, failure is the mother of success. But What I want to say is that success is the child of confidence. Without confidence, things can becoenegative and uncofortable.I remember, during an English class, I wanted to make a sentence using the word "listen". I should have said: "I listen to the Voice of America" but I was too nervous and said "I listen to the Noise of America". Everybody in the class laughed. Since then I wanted to train myself to be confident. Now, confidence makes me brave and courageous. Take this speech for example. I wanted to enter this copetition,but I would feel very embarrassed if I made mistakes. Just then, I thought about my dream. My dream is to becoea scientist when I grow up. If I am not confident, how can I overcoedifficulties I face? If I am not confident, how can I succeed in developing myself in the future? I will do it! Today, I am making a speech in public and I feel proud and confident!
I am sure, in the future, with confidence, I will go forward-always forward. Confidence will make my dreams coetrue!
Thank you!
Not long after an old Chinese woman came back to China from her visit to her daughter in the States, she went to a city bank to deposit the US dollars her daughter gave her. At the bank counter, the clerk checked each note carefully to see if the money was real. It made the old lady out of patience.
At last she could not hold any more, uttering. "Trust me, Sir, and trust the money. They are real US dollars. They are directly from America."
I can never forget the summer in 1996. I went through an extremity ofdespair due to my failure in the National College Entrance Examination. Itseemed that my dream of being a university student would never come true. Oneevening my father came and told me the story of Steven Callahan, who wascrossing the Atlantic alone in his sailboat when it struck something and sank.It was a miracle that he survived and was found 76 days later(the longest anyonehas survived a shipwreck on a life raft alone). Later in his narrative he wrotethese sentences “I tell myself I can handle it .Compared to what others havebeen through I’m fortunate”.
Hearing these sentences I felt something important struck me. I belived mylife would mot be that bad and it was proved to be true. Later during my studyin the university I always told myself “I can handle it” when my own goalsseemed far off or when my problems seemed too overwhelming and every time I saidit ,I always came back to my senses.
Now I work as an English teacher in a middle school. Whenever my studentscomplain about their difficulties in study or want to give up, I will tell thesame story of Callahan to them. I just want to make them believe they can handletheir difficulties because their circumstances are only bad compared tosomething better. But others have been through much worse. Then they will buildup fortitude.
So here, coming to us from the extreme edge of survival, are words that cangive us strength. Whatever you’re going through, tell yourself you can handleit. Compared to what others have been through, you’re fortunate. Tell this toyourself over and over, and it will help you get through the rough spots withlittle more fortitude.
我永生难忘1996年的夏天。由于我在高考中的失利，我感到了极度的失望，我要成为一名大学生的梦想似乎是无法实现了。一天傍晚，我的父亲来给我讲了一个关于史蒂文·卡拉汉的故事，史蒂文独自驾驶着帆船横渡大西洋，途中船遇难下沉，但是他却活了下来并在76天后被人发现。(他是世界上遇海滩在救生艇中存活最长时间的人了)。后来卡拉汉在他的叙述中写到“我告诉自己一定可以挺过去的，跟别人的遭遇相比，我已经算是幸运的了”。
听了这些话，我被深深地震撼了，我相信我的生活不会太差而事实也证明了这一点，后来我得到了进入大学学习的机会，在大学学习期间，当我觉得自己的目标似乎遥不可及或者我遇到了似乎无法解决的问题时，我就勉励自己说“我能挺过去的”而每每念及这句话，我总能有所醒悟。
现在我在一所中学教英语，每当学生们报怨学习的困难或是想放弃时，我就给他们讲卡拉汉的故事，我就是想让他们相信他们可以从困难中挺过去的，因为困境都是相对而言的，有些人比我们更不幸，然后他们就会在自己心中建立起永不放弃的信念。
从这个大难不死的故事中，我们学到了能给予我们勇气与力量的话语，无论你遭遇了什么，都要对你自己说：一定能挺过去的。与其他人的不幸相比，你已经算是很幸运了，要一遍一遍地用此话鼓励自己，这个信念会使你更有信心渡过难关。
The power of yet.
专注过程，而不是结果。
I heard about a highschool in Chicago where students had to pass a certain number of courses tograduate, and if they didn't pass a course, they got the grade "NotYet." And I thought that was fantastic, because if you get a failinggrade, you think, I'm nothing, I'm nowhere. But if you get the grade "NotYet" you understand that you're on a learning curve. It gives you a pathinto the future.
我听说，在芝加哥有一所高中，那儿的学生毕业前要通过一系列课程，如果某一门课没有通过，成绩就是「暂未通过」。我想，这真是个绝妙的做法，因为，如果你某门课的成绩不及格，你会想，我什么都不是，我什么都没有学到。但如果你的成绩是「暂未通过」，你会明白，学习的步伐并没有停下，你还需逐步向前，争取未来。
"Not Yet"also gave me insight into a critical event early in my career, a real turningpoint. I wanted to see how children coped with challenge and difficulty, so Igave 10-year-olds problems that were slightly too hard for them. Some of them reactedin a shockingly positive way. They said things like, "I love achallenge," or, "You know, I was hoping this would beinformative."
「暂未通过」也让我联想起一件尤为重要的、发生在我职业生涯初期的事情，这件事对我而言是一个转折点。当时，我想探究孩子是如何应对挑战和困难的，因此，我让一些10岁大的孩子尝试解决一些对于他们而言稍稍偏难的问题。一些孩子积极应对的方式让我感到震惊。他们会这样说，「我喜欢挑战，」或说，「你知道的，我希望能有所获。」
They understood that their abilities could be developed.They had what I call a growth mindset. But other students felt it was tragic,catastrophic. From their more fixed mindset perspective, their intelligence hadbeen up for judgment and they failed. Instead of luxuriating in the power ofyet, they were gripped in the tyranny of now.
这些孩子明白，他们的能力是可以提升的。他们有我所说的成长型思维模式。但另一些孩子觉得面对这些难题是不幸，宛如面对一场灾难。从他们的固定型思维角度来看，他们的才智受到了评判，而他们失败了。他们不懂得享受学习的过程，而只盯住眼前的成与败。
So what do they donext? I'll tell you what they do next. In one study, they told us they wouldprobably cheat the next time instead of studying more if they failed a test. Inanother study, after a failure, they looked for someone who did worse than theydid so they could feel really good about themselves. And in study after study,they have run from difficulty.
这些孩子们后面表现如何?让我告诉你他们的表现。在一项研究中，他们告诉我们，如果他们某次考试未通过，他们很可能会在下次考试中作弊，而不是更加努力地学习。在另一项研究中，他们挂了一门后，他们会找到那些考得还不如他们高的孩子，以寻求自我安慰。后续的研究陆续表明，他们会逃避困难。
Scientists measured the electrical activity fromthe brain as students confronted an error. On the left, you see the fixedmindset students. There's hardly any activity. They run from the error. Theydon't engage with it. But on the right, you have the students with the growthmindset, the idea that abilities can be developed. They engage deeply. Theirbrain is on fire with yet. They engage deeply. They process the error. Theylearn from it and they correct it.
科学家们监测了学生们面对错误时的脑电活动图像。在左侧，是固定型思维模式的学生，几乎没有什么活动。他们在错误面前选择了逃避。他们没有积极地投入。但请看右侧，这是成长型思维模式的学生，这些学生相信能力会通过锻炼得以提升。他们积极地应对错误。他们的大脑在高速运转，他们积极地投入，他们剖析错误，从中学习，最终订正。
How are we raising ourchildren? Are we raising them for now instead of yet? Are we raising kids whoare obsessed with getting A's? Are we raising kids who don't know how to dreambig dreams? Their biggest goal is getting the next A or the next test score?
如今我们是如何教育孩子的呢?是教育他们专注眼前，而不是注重过程吗?我们培育了一些迷恋刷A的孩子们吗?我们培育了没有远大理想的孩子们吗?他们最远大的目标就是再拿一个A，心里所想的就是下一次考试吗?
And are they carrying this need for constant validation with them into theirfuture lives? Maybe, because employers are coming to me and saying, we havealready raised a generation of young workers who can't get through the daywithout an award.
他们在今后的生活中，都以分数的高低来评判自己吗?或许是的，因为企业雇主们跑来找我，说我们养育的这新一代走上工作岗位的人，如果不给他们奖励，他们一天都过不下去。
So what can we do? Howcan we build that bridge to yet?
我们该怎么做呢?如何让孩子注重过程而不是结果呢?
Here are some things wecan do. First of all, we can praise wisely, not praising intelligence ortalent. That has failed. Don't do that anymore. But praising the process thatkids engage in: their effort, their strategies, their focus, theirperseverance, their improvement. This process praise creates kids who are hardyand resilient.
我们可以做这样几件事。首先，我们可以有技巧地去表扬：不去表扬天分或才智，这行不通。不要再这样做了。而是要对孩子积极投入的过程进行表扬：他们的努力与策略，他们的专注、坚持与进步。对过程的表扬，会塑造孩子的韧性。
There are other ways toreward yet. We recently teamed up with game scientists from the University ofWashington to create a new online math game that rewarded yet. In this game,students were rewarded for effort, strategy and progress. The usual math gamerewards you for getting answers right right now, but this game rewardedprocess. And we got more effort, more strategies, more engagement over longerperiods of time, and more perseverance when they hit really, really hardproblems.
还有其他的办法来奖励过程。最近，我们与来自华盛顿大学的游戏研究者合作，制作了一款奖励过程的数学游戏。在这个游戏中，学生们因他们的努力、策略与进步而受到奖励。通常的数学游戏中，玩家只有在解得正确答案后才能得到奖励，但这个游戏奖励过程。随着游戏的深入，孩子们更加努力，想出更多的策略，身心更加投入，当遇到尤为困难的问题时，他们也展现了更为持久的韧劲。
Just the words"yet" or "not yet," we're finding, give kids greaterconfidence, give them a path into the future that creates greater persistence.And we can actually change students' mindsets. In one study, we taught themthat every time they push out of their comfort zone to learn something new anddifficult, the neurons in their brain can form new, stronger connections, andover time they can get smarter.
我们发现，注重过程的思维模式，会赋予孩子们更多自信，指引他们不断向前，越发坚持不懈。事实上，我们能够改变学生的思维模式。在一项研究中，我们告诉学生们，每当他们迫使自己走出舒适区，学习新知识，迎接新挑战，大脑中的神经元会形成新的、更强的连接，他们会逐渐变得越来越聪明。
Look what happened: inthis study, students who were not taught this growth mindset continued to showdeclining grades over this difficult school transition, but those who weretaught this lesson showed a sharp rebound in their grades. We have shown thisnow, this kind of improvement, with thousands and thousands of kids, especiallystruggling students.
看看后面发生了什么吧：在这项研究中，没有接受成长型思维模式训练的学生，在这一困难的过渡阶段，成绩持续下滑，但那些受过该训练的学生，成绩强势反弹，卓有起色。如今，我们已证实这一结论，通过成千上万个孩子的实例，尤其是那些在学业上挣扎的孩子。
So let's talk aboutequality. In our country, there are groups of students who chronically underperform,for example, children in inner cities, or children on Native Americanreservations. And they've done so poorly for so long that many people thinkit's inevitable. But when educators create growth mindset classrooms steeped inyet, equality happens.
那我们就来谈谈教育平等吧。在我们国家，有些特定区域的孩子总是在学业上处于下游，比如，内城区的孩子，或印第安人居留地里的孩子。长期以来这里的孩子都没什么起色， 以致于很多人认为没的救了。但是当教育家们将孩子的思维转变为成长型思维模式时，教育平等实现了。
And here are just a few examples. In one year, akindergarten class in Harlem, New York scored in the 95th percentile on theNational Achievement Test. Many of those kids could not hold a pencil when theyarrived at school. In one year, fourth grade students in the South Bronx, waybehind, became the number one fourth grade class in the state of New York onthe state math test. In a year to a year and a half, Native American studentsin a school on a reservation went from the bottom of their district to the top,and that district included affluent sections of Seattle. So the native kidsoutdid the Microsoft kids.
举几个例子吧。纽约哈莱姆区的一所幼儿园的学生在一年的时间内，国家水平测试(NationalAchievement Test) 成绩飞跃到前百分之五。这些孩子中有很多在入学时甚至还不会握笔。一年之内，远远落后的南布朗克斯区的四年级学生，其标准数学测试成绩攀升到纽约州所有四年级学生的第一名。在一年到一年半的时间内， 某印第安人居留地的一所学校里的学生成绩从全区垫底到名列前茅，而这个区包括了西雅图市的富饶地段。印第安孩子战胜了「微软」孩子。
This happened becausethe meaning of effort and difficulty were transformed. Before, effort anddifficulty made them feel dumb, made them feel like giving up, but now, effortand difficulty, that's when their neurons are making new connections, strongerconnections. That's when they're getting smarter.
这得以实现的原因，是努力与困难的意义在孩子心目中发生了改变。在此之前，努力与困难让他们感觉自己很笨，让他们想放弃，但如今，正是努力与困难让他们大脑中的神经元得以形成新的连接，更强的连接。正是在这个过程中，他们变得越来越聪明。
I received a letterrecently from a 13-year-old boy. He said, "Dear Professor Dweck, Iappreciate that your writing is based on solid scientific research, and that'swhy I decided to put it into practice. I put more effort into my schoolwork,into my relationship with my family, and into my relationship with kids atschool, and I experienced great improvement in all of those areas. I nowrealize I've wasted most of my life."
最近，我收到一个13岁男孩的来信。他说，「亲爱的德韦克教授，我欣赏你的著作，因为它们都基于可靠的科学试验，因此，我决定将你的方法付诸实践。我更用功地学习，更用心地处好与家人的关系，与同学的关系，而在这些方面我都有了长足的进步。现在我才意识到，过去浪费了太多生命。」
Let's not waste anymore lives, because once we know that abilities are capable of such growth, itbecomes a basic human right for children, all children, to live in places thatcreate that growth, to live in places filled with yet.
让我们不再浪费生命， 因为，既然我们知道 能力可以增长，那么，生活在一个能激发进步并让这一切变得可能的地方就是每个孩子的权利。
Thank you.(Applause)
谢谢。(掌声)
ladies and gentlemen:
it is a great honor for me to talk about the topic with you all, my dear friends!
as you all know, there is a flinty problem that many many fresh graduates can not find their jobs today. what is worse, it seems that we have few ways to sovle it. probably, some others would argue that why not let our ya go abroad since there are so many chances there? on second thoughts, should our government propose that we youth go abroad for job hunting? my answer is absolutely “ no”!
just think, my friends, why somebody suggest our fresh graduates go abroad? are our markets for job seekers really saturated ? are there really bags of jobs waiting for the jobless abroad? can the migration really put the axe in the helve? it is unlikely, in my opinion.
in some degree, it is a illusion thinking that there have been dead-alive on the labor market home. so many graduates say they can not find their jobs, so many parents worry about their young ones’ future, so many companies close the doors for job seeking…… how it just be a illusion ? do i have a bee in my head?
first ,we should make it clear that what kind of jobs that our graduates want to take, and where they want to work? it goes without saying, only jobs providing high salary in big cities, for instance beijing, can satisfy them. unfortunately ,that kind of jobs are limited. therefore, it is not that our graduates can not find jobs but that they can not find the fictive jobs , as a matter of fact. no matter how flourish and how actively a city is, it can provide numbered positions for the job seekers. what they want is perfect, but what they can gain in the end is another pair of shoes.
in fact, in the country, in the undeveloped places, more and more persons with ability are needed. however, there are no theatres, there are no cafes, there are no kfc, and there are supermarkets… as a result, no body like to work there.as we all know, developed countries
世界是我们的，未来是我们的
Someone said “we are reading the first verse of the first chapter of a book，whose pages are infinite”. I don’t know who wrote these words，but I’ve always liked them as a reminder that the future can be anything we want it to be. We are all in the position of the farmers. If we plant a good seed，we reap a good harvest. If we plant nothing at all，we harvest nothing at all.
一些人说“我们正在读一本无穷的书中的第一章的第一节.”我不知道谁写了这些话，但是我一直很喜欢它，因为它提醒了我，我们能够创造我们想要的未来.
We are young. “How to spend the youth？” It is a meaningful question. To answer it，first I have to ask “what do you understand by the word youth？” Youth is not a time of life，it’s a state of mind. It’s not a matter of rosy cheeks，red lips or supple knees. It’s the matter of the will. It’s the freshness of the deep spring of life.
我们都是农夫.如果我们播下好的种子，我们将会丰收.如果我们的种子很差，有很多草籽，收割的将是无用的庄稼.如果我们什么也不播种，什么收获也没有.
Youth means a temperamental predominance of courage over timidity of the appetite，for adventure over the love of ease. This often exists in a man of 60 more than a boy of 20 . Nobody grows old merely by a number of years . We grow old by deserting our ideals. Years wrinkle the skin，but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul . Worry，fear，self –distrust bows the heart and turns the spirit back to dust .
我们是年轻的.“怎样度过青春？”这是个有意义的问题.为了去回答它，我首先要问“从‘青春’这个词中你能理解到什么？”青春不是人生的一个时期，而是精神的一种状态.青春不是桃面、丹唇、柔膝，而是深沉的意志，.青春是生命的深泉在涌流.
Whether 60 of 16，there is in every human being ‘s heart the lure of wonders，the unfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of living . In the center of your heart and my heart there’s a wireless station：so long as it receives messages of beauty，hope，cheer，courage and power from men and from the infinite，so long as you are young .
A poet said “To see a world in a grain of sand，and a heaven in a wild flower，hold infinity in the palm of your hand，and eternity in an hour. Several days ago，I had a chance to listen to a lecture. I learnt a lot there. I’d like to share it with all of you. Let’s show our right palms. We can see three lines that show how our love.career and life is. I have a short line of life. What about yours？I wondered whether we could see our future in this way. Well，let’s make a fist. Where is our future？Where is our love，career，and life？Tell me.Yeah，it is in our hands. It is held in ourselves.
一位诗人说“从一粒沙看世界，从一朵花看天堂，把无限放在你的手掌，永恒在一刹那里收藏”.几天前，我有了一个听讲座的机会，从中我学到了很多东西.现在，我想把这些与大家共享.让我们伸出右手，我们可以看到手掌中的展示我们的爱，事业和生活的三条线.我在生活方面这条线很短，那你们的呢？我想知道我们是否可以用这种办法去看我们的未来.好的，让我们一起握拳.我们的未来在哪儿？我们的爱、事业和生活在哪儿？告诉我！是的，它们就在我们的手中.它们被我们自己掌握着.
We all want the future to be better than the past. But the future can go better itself. Don’t cry because it is over，smile because it happened. From the past，we’ve learnt that the life is tough，but we are tougher. We’ve learnt that we can’t choose how we feel，but we can choose what about it. Failure doesn’t mean you don’t have it，it does mean you should do it in a different way. Failure doesn’t mean you should give up，it does mean you must try harder.
我们所有人都希望未来能比过去更美好，但是未来能自己变得更好.不要因为结束而哭泣，微笑吧，为你的曾经拥有.从过去来看，生活是艰苦的，但我们是更坚强.我们知道我们不能选择感觉，但是我们能选择和它相关的东西.失败并不意味着你不拥有成功，它只意味着你应该用另一种方式去做这件事.失败并不意味着你应该放弃，只意味着你应该更加努力.
As what I said at the beginning，“we are reading the first verse of the first chapter of a book，whose pages are infinite”. The past has gone. Nothing we do will change it. But the future is in front of us. Believe that what we give to the world，the world will give to us. And from today on，let’s be the owners of ourselves，and speak out “We are the world，we are the future.”
正如我在前面所说的“我们正在读一本无穷的书中的第一章的第一节.”过去的已经过去，无论我们无力改变，但是未来却在我们前方.相信“我们给了世界什么，世界也将给我们”.并且从今天起，让我们一起做我们自己的主人，一起大声说出“世界是我们的，未来是我们的.”
Today is the festival of joy and happiness let us get together;Today is the warm edge together and friendship let us meet together; At the same time, thanks to all the guests and friends, come to the Christmas party together, and we spent together the happy, peaceful night. Lets bless in songs and meet the ding of the Christmas; Let us wish a better tomorrow, for tomorrows devout prayer, wish peace and happiness! Sing out.
With the northland fluttering snowflakes, with our laughter, New Year is coming. In this happy festival atmosphere, with a New Years wishes, with a vision of happiness.
With the New Years bell, with New Years day happy song, wish every devout prayers and wishes, in the coming year to be able to achieve.
Coming your way, I, we together, with the blessing of the New Year, we come together. Wish our friendship forever.
Winter was gone,spring comes.I love spring best,because it's verybeautiful.In spring,the weather is aways sunny and rainy,it's not cold and nothot,it's warmer and warmer.The flowers begin to open and the trees begin to turngreen.The birds are singing in the sky,they are happy.The animals will go out toplay.Many people like to go out and enjoy the sunshine.I like wearing my sweaterand jeans, I like to fly kites,plant trees and see the beautiful flowers. Springis colorful,I think it's a wonderful season. What's your favourite season?Pleasetell me.
冬天是走了，春天来。我爱春天，因为它很漂亮。春天，天气是晴天和雨天，它的不冷不热，它的温暖。花儿开始开放，树木开始变绿色。鸟儿在天空歌唱，他们是快乐的。动物会出去玩。许多人喜欢出去享受阳光。我喜欢穿我的毛衣和牛仔裤，我喜欢放风筝，种树，看到美丽的花朵。春天是丰富多彩的，我认为这是一个美好的季节。你最喜欢的季节是什么?请告诉我。
The distinguished school principals, teachers, dear classmates:
How do you do! I am in class five huang, the title of my speech today is "the book is the key that opens the door to knowledge".
Shakespeare once said, "life without books, like the earth without sunlight; wisdom without books, is just like a bird without wings." Influenced by mom and dad, since I was young, I had got into the habit of reading newspaper. I first thing in the end of each day, be quickly picked up the newspaper that day.
On one occasion, I read a book with cyber language, and then take the book ran in front of the father said: "dad, I don't want to be a genius." Father strangely ask me why? I opened the book, pointing to the above explanation to dad: genius - born fool. Dad find xinhua dictionary from the shelf, let me check on the dictionary explanation. On the dictionary explanation is: genius is suffering ingenuity. Dad said to me: "if you study hard, learn useful knowledge from the book, dad believe you will be a very talented person. Otherwise, you really could become the so-called 'genius'!"
I love reading, every time I took a new book, feel there is a vivid, talking wonderful thing came into my life. In his book, captain nemo and I drove "nautilus" changyou seabed two miles; And Dr Alex in a balloon adventure across Africa, through the balloon five weeks; Gentleman with falk, through hardships, eighty days to travel around the earth. I have tears for the little match girl, cheer for the ugly duckling into a white swan.
The classmates! Do you know why the sun every day east west fall? Why is the sky blue? Why summer cicadas sing? Quickly open the book, the answer is inside!
My speech finished, thank you!
Hello, everyone! Good afternoon! I am very glad to have the chance to make this speech. My topic is: how to achieve success. First of all, let us see a story.
“Long long ago, there was a king who had a daughter as beautiful as a blooming rose. To all the men who came to the king's palace to ask for the hand of the princess, the old king gave them three tasks to be accomplished, each next to impossible. One day, there came up a handsome young prince in the king's palace." Well, you know the rest. The three tasks may be different in different versions, but the main plot is always the same, Prince successfully passed all the challenge and got the heart of the princess in time. And the ending is always the same, finishing with the line "And they live happily ever after."
Why aren't we tired of this story so beautiful, so uealistic (, I would say, so unimaginative ? How can a story like that can enduregenerations of repetition? The reason, I think, is that a typical success story like this is so close to our daily life. Moreover we can understand so deeply, it is not just a story, but a good will from people’s inner heart. By implication, we see a 4-step definitions of success: 1 ) a goal to be set. as represented by the beautiful princess. So you’d better find your princess as soon as possible; 2 ) challenges to be meet, as represented by the three tasks. Only if you directly meet the challenge, can you besuccessful; 3 ) the process of overcoming difficulties, as represented by the ordeals the youth goes through; 4 ) the reward of success, as represented by the happy marriage. That’s all! Find your princess, meet challenges, overcome difficulties, and have a good life.
Thank you!
译文:成功之我见
“很久以前,有个国王,他的女儿貌美如花。老国王向所有来求婚的男士提出了三个任务作为挑战,而每一项任务都异常艰巨,
几乎不可能完成。一天,来了一位年轻英俊的王子”好了,下面的故事你们都知道了。三项任务在不同的版本中各不相同,但关键部分的情节都如出一辙:王子成功地过关,得到了公主的芳心。而故事的结局也都一样,最后一句都写道:“从此他们幸福地生活在一起。
为什么我们对如此美妙、如此不切实际,而我要说,如此缺乏想象力的东西这么乐此不疲呢?这样的故事又如何能够经历几代人的重复?我想,因为它是典型的成功的例子。故事的思想性很强,具有代表性。通过故事带给我们的启示,我们认识到了成功定义中的四个步骤;第一,目标的设定,有如故事里美丽的公主;第二,所遇到的困难和挑战,就像三大任务;第三,克服困难的过程,故事中青年经历重重难关可以作为象征;第四,就是成功的果实,如同幸福的婚姻。