学习英语我们需要注意语句结构，语法的组成。下面就是小编给大家带来的英语语法的基本结构，希望能帮助到大家更好的记忆英语!
一、陈述句
陈述句(包括肯定的或否定的)用来叙述一项事实。陈述句的结构分为肯定结构和否定结构两种。
1、陈述句的肯定结构
主语与谓语的一致，句子中的谓语动词和主语在人称和数上必须一致。如：
I was having dinner when he came in.
He is now working at a bank.
①谓语只跟主语的中心词保持一致，修饰词不影响主语的数：
The quality of this kind of bike is poor.
There be结构和其他倒装句中，谓语通常放在主语的前面，这时谓语是单数还是复数，要依后面的主语而定，如：
There is no milk in the bottle.
There are no students iin the classroom.
②“one of ……”结构作主语，谓语应该用单数。如：
One of the students is absent.
Making things is a good activity.
What hurt her most is his words.
③由and连接两个或两个以上的名词，由“both…and…”连接的两个成分作主语，其谓语动词通常用复数形式，如：
Susan and Sally like pop music.
The worker and the peasant are going to give us a talk.
④单数名词后面有下面词语修饰时，主语不受这些词或词组的影响
with…. like…as well as…together with…
He, as well as his classmates, likes popular songs.
Mr Li, together with his wife and two songs, is on holiday these days.
⑤由连词“either…or…”,“neither…nor…”,“not only…but also…”,also, nor, or连接两个名词或代词，谓语动词的形式应与最近的主语保持一致
Neither I nor my brother is good at maths.
Either you or I’m wrong.
注意：表示数量、时间、距离、金钱等的复数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。用于数学运算的数字作主语，谓语通常也用单数形式。如：
Ten pounds is enough.
Two hours is a long time.
2、陈述句的否定形式
(1)带有系动词、助动词、情态动词的肯定句，只要把not, never加在这些动词后面，就能把肯定句变为否定，no通常否定名词或动名词
I’m not a doctor.I haven’t got a camera.
I have never met him before.
(2)若谓语是行为动词，前面又没有助动词和情态动词，只要在谓语动词之前加助动词do( does, did ) not就行。
I didn’t go to the concert yesterday.
He doesn’t speak English
(3)no修饰复数名词作主语，谓语动词要用复数。如果no修饰单数名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数。如：
No men are admitted
No man is admitted.
(4)表示部分否定的词有：not all, not everything, not everybody, not everywhere, not both, not always.
Not everybody enjoys fishing.
Not everything goes well.
二、疑问句
疑问句是用来提出疑问的句子，疑问句末尾用问号“?”。疑问句一般分为：一般疑问句;特殊疑问句;选择疑问句和反意疑问句。
1、一般疑问句
(1) 含有系动词、助动词、情态动词的陈述句改为疑问句：要把这些动词提到主语的前面，句末用问号。
Are you a policeman?Must I go now?
(2) 如果谓语是行为动词，它前面又没有任何助动词、情态动词，这时就要用助动词do ( does, did )来构成疑问句。
Does he often write to you ?
Did you enjoy yourself last Sunday?
2、特殊疑问句
(1) 特殊疑问句由“疑问词+一般疑问句”构成，其中一般疑问句又采取倒装或部分倒装的形式。
(2) 特殊疑问句的疑问词通常分为疑问代词和疑问副词两种。
3、选择疑问句
它的结构是“一般疑问句 + or + 一般疑问句“，回答这类问题时要选择其中一种具体进行回答。
Is her brother a doctor or a teacher?
Her brother a doctor.
4、反意疑问句
反意疑问句由一个陈述句和一个简略形式的疑问句构成，中间用逗号隔开。通常有两种形式：
① 陈述句谓语用肯定形式 + 疑问句谓语用否定形式;
He is stupid, isn’t he?
② 陈述句谓语用否定形式 + 疑问句谓语用肯定形式;
He doesn’t like sports, does he?
(5) 如果陈述部分是主从复合句，那么疑问部分的谓语应该跟主语的谓语所用形式一样。
You never told us you are the headmaster, did you?
注意：
① used to用在句中时，也可用usen’t 或usedn’t来引起反意疑问句。He used to swim in winter, didn’t he? =
He used to swim in winter, usen’t he?
② 当陈述句中的主语为everybody, everyone, anyone, nobody, none, no one时，疑问部分通常要用they来代替。
Everybody admires him, don’t they?
③ 如果陈述句部分已经用了表示否定意义的词，如never, nothing, hardly,那么疑问部分应该使用肯定形式。
He never speaks loudly, does he?
④ 当陈述句部分的主语为everything, nothing, anything, something时，疑问部分的主语要用it.
Something is wrong with the machine, isn’t it?
Everything is in good order, isn’t it?
⑤ 祈使句的反意疑问句部分要用shall, will。
Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句，所以反意疑问句为“shall we?”, let me 和let us表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“will you?”，其他行为动词引起的祈使句，反意疑问句都为“will you?”。祈使句的反意疑问句通常只有肯定形式。
Let’s go for a walk, shall we?
Let’s stop for a rest, will you?
⑥ 感叹句的反意疑问句要用“be”的现在时，对人的感叹，用“he”“you”等，对事物的感叹，用“it”，而且疑问部分必须用否定式。
What a clever boy, isn’t he?
What a wonderful lecture, isn’t it?
三、祈使句、感叹句
祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等，谓语动词一律用原形。句中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号。
1、肯定的祈使句
(1) 句型：动词原形……(省略主语)。如：
Look at these holes!Please keep the classroom quiet.
(2) 有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加do。
Do be quiet.Do study hard.
(3) 祈使句中如果有呼语，一定要用逗号“，”隔开。放在句首或句尾。Come here, Li Ming.
2、否定的祈使句
(1) 句型：Don’g + 动词原形……
Don’t make the same mistake.
Don’t look out of the windows.
(2) 祈使句与陈述句的改写
祈使句=You must ……
Be quiet. = you must be quiet.
Don’t make any noise = You mustn’t make any noise.
Please + 祈使句 = Will you please ……?
Please read after me = Will you please read after me?
3、祈使句Let…句型
Let作为动词常常用于祈使句，但表达意义不相同
Let表示“建议”后面跟第一人称代词作宾语。
Let’s go to school together!Let me try again.
Let表示“间接命令或愿望”，后面接第三人称代词作宾语。
Let him work out the problem by himself.
Let Li Ping be monitor.
感叹句表示说话时的惊讶、喜悦、气愤等情绪，带有强烈的感情色彩。感叹句主要有两种：
What + 名词词组;
What a beautiful day it is!
How + 形容词或副词
How well they have learned English!
How well he swims!
注意：
What 修饰单数可数名词时，如果这一名词有形容词修饰，也可以用how来引导感叹句，但是不定冠词a, an要放在形容词的后面。
What a beautiful park!
How beautiful a park it is!补充练习
按要求进行句型转换
1. We have many cakes for supper (变为否定疑问句)
2. I would like a cup of tea, please. (变为一般疑问句)
3. He is a teacher, (a student) (改为选择疑问句)
4. It is a nice box. (改为感叹句)
5. The workers are working hard. (改为感叹句)
6. Tom is sitting on the desk. (改为否定的祈使句)
7. Everything is ready, ___________ ? (以下改为反意疑问句)
8. This isn’t your book, _____________ ?
9. Don’t look out of the window, _____________ ?