人教版八年级上册英语知识点总结归纳

到了八年级，学生需要记住的词汇、句型和语法知识也增加了。那么八年级上册英语知识点归纳有哪些呢?以下是小编准备的一些人教版八年级上册英语知识点总结归纳，仅供参考。

人教版八年级上册英语知识点

Unit1 Where did you goon vacation?

【重点语法】

不定代词：不指名代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。

用法注意

1.some 和any+可数名/不可数名。

some 多用于肯定句，any多用于否定句、疑问句和条件从句 。有些问句中用some,不用any, 问话者希望得到对方肯定回答。

2. 由some, any, no,every 与 body, one, thing构成的复合不定代词作主语时，其谓语动词用三单。

3. 不定代词若有定语修饰，该定语要置于其后：如：something interesting

【重点短语】

1. buy sth for ab./ buy sb. sth 为某人买某物

2. taste + adj. 尝起来……

3. nothing...but + V.(原形)除了……之外什么都没有

4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来

5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地

6. decide to do sth.决定做某事

7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事

8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事

9. want to do sth. 想去做某事

10. start doing sth. 开始做某事=begin doing sth.

11. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 区分：stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事

12. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事

14. so + adj + that + 从句 如此……以至于……

16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要) 做某事

17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事

18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事

【词语辨析】

1. take a photo/ take photos 拍照

quite a few+名词复数 “许多…”

2. seem + 形容词 看起来…... You seem happy today.

seem + to do sth. 似乎/好像做某事 I seem to have a cold

It seems + 从句 似乎..…. It seems that no one believe you.

seem like ... 好像，似乎….. It seems like a good idea.

3. arrive in +大地点= get to= reach+地点名 “到达......”

arrive at +小地点

(注：若后跟地点副词here/there/home, 介词需省略，如：arrive here; get home)

4. feel like sth 感觉像…

feel doing sth. 想要做某事

5. wonder(想知道)+疑问词(who, what, why)引导的从句。

6. because of +名/代/V-ing

because+从句

He can’t take a walk because ofthe rain.

I don’t buy the shirt because itwas too expensive.

7. enough +名词 足够的…...

形容词/副词+enough

Unit2 How often do youexercise?

【重点语法】

1. 频率副词: always,usually, often, sometimes, never

频率副词在句中通常放在实义动词之前, be动词或助动词之后。常用于一般现在时态中。

2.“次数”的表达方法

一次 once， 两次twice，三次或三次以上：基数词+ times, 如：three times, five times,

3. how often“多久一次”问频率，回答常含有频率词组或短语。

常见的how疑问词：

1)How soon 多久(以后)

—How soon will he be back?他多久能回来?

—He will be back in amonth. 他一个月后能回来。

2)how long “多久”

—How long did it take you toclean the house? 你打扫房子用了多久?

—It took me half an hour to cleanthe house. 我打扫这房子用了半小时。

3)How many+名复

How much+不可名

“多少” 问数量(how much 还可问价格)

【重点短语】

1. go to the movies 去看电影

2. look after = take care of 照顾

3. surf the internet 上网

4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式

5. go skate boarding 去划板

6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康

7. eating habits 饮食习惯

8. take more exercise 做更多的运动

9. the same as 与什么相同

10. be different from 不同

11. once a month一月一次

12. twice a week一周两次

13. make a difference to 对......有影响/作用

14. most of the students=moststudents

15. shop=go shopping=do someshopping 购物

16. be good for 对......有益

17. be bad for 对......有害

18. come home from school放学回家

19. of course = certainly = sure 当然

20. get good grades 取得好成绩

21. keep/be in good health 保持健康

22. take a vacation 去度假

【词语辨析】

1.maybe / may be

maybe 是副词，意为“大概， 可能，或许”，一般用于句首。May be是情态动词，意为“可能是...，也许是...，大概是...”.

The baby iscrying. Maybe she is hungry.

The woman may be ateacher.

2. a few / few / alittle / little

People can live to 100, butfew people can live to 150.

There is little timeleft. I won’t catch the first bus.

Could you give me alittle milk?

3. hard / hardly

hard作形容词，意为“困难的，艰苦的，硬的”;作副词，意为“努力地，猛烈地”。hardly为副词，意为“几乎不”。

The ground is too hard to dig.

I can hardly understandthem.

It’s raining hard. The peoplecan hardly go outside.

4. As for homework, most students do homework every day .

as for...意思是“至于;关于”，+名词、代词或动词的-ing形式(即动名词)。

如：As for him，I never want to see him here.

至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。

As for the story，you\\\'dbetter not believe it.

关于那故事，你最好不要相信。

5. That soundsinteresting.

这是“主语+系动词+表语”结构的简单句。sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，feel(觉得)，seem(好象)，grow(变得),get(变得)等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如：

It tastes good. 这味道好。

The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。

The smoke grew heavier andheavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。

6. percent 名词，意为“百分之……”

百分数的表示方法：基数+ percent (不用复数形式)，percent做主语时，谓语动词的数要根据其后面的名词来确定。

50%：fifty percent　百分之五十

Fifty percent of the apples arebad. 50%的苹果都坏了。

Twenty percent of the meat is inthe fridge. 20%的肉都在冰箱

7. not… at all 意为“一点也不”，not应放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。

The story isn’t interesting atall. 那个故事一点也没有趣。

8. It is +adj. to do sth. 做某事是……的。

It is interesting to playcomputer games. 玩电脑很有趣。

9. take,spend, pay

It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“花费某人……时间来做某事”。

人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 on sth. “买某物花了……钱”。

人(sb.) spend 时间/钱 (in) doing“花费多少时间来做某事”。

pay 的主语必须是人，而“花钱买某物”为pay...for...

10. however 副词，意为“然而，可是”，表示转折关系，可放在句首、句中、句末。

Unit3 I’m more outgoingthan my sister.

【重点语法】

1. 形容词和副词的比较等级

(1)形容词和副词的原形就是原级

(2)比较级，表示较……或更……

(3)最高级， 表示最...。

2. 比较级句型:

(1)A + be动词+形容词的比较级+than +B “A比B更……”(注意：A与B必须是同级的，即必须是人与人，物与物进行对比)

(2)“A+实意动词+副词比较级+ than + B”表示“A比B…”

(3)比较A ，B两人/两事物问其中哪一个较…...时用句型：

“Who/which +谓语动词+ adj./adv.比较级，A or B ?”

Who is thinner, Jenny or Mary?

3. 比较级的特殊用法

(1)“比较级+and+比较级”，意为“越来越”。多音节比较级用“more and more+原级”

(2)“the+比较级(…), the+比较级(…)”意思是：”越…越…”The more, the better.

(3)主+ is + the 形容词比较级+of the two+名复 “主语是两者中较......的”

4. 两者在某一方面相同：A+谓语动词/be动词+as+ adj./adv.原级+ as+ B.

Helen is as tall asAmy.

Peter studies as hard as Tom.

表示两者在某一方面不及另一方时，用“not as/so+形容词或副词原级+as”

I am not as tall as my sister.

5. 形容词，副词比较级前的修饰语。

当需要表示一方超过另一方的程度时，可以用much, a lot, alittle, a bit, 等来修饰形容词比较级。注意: 比较级不能用very, so, too, quite等修饰。

【重点短语】

1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗

2. as...as...与…… 一样

3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛

4. the most important 最重要的

5. be talented in music 在音乐方面有天赋

6. the same as 与……相同

7. care about 关心/留意/关注

8. be different from 与…...不同

9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子

10. as long as 只要;与…...一样长

11. bring out 显示/显出

12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩

13. reach for 伸手达到/达到

14. touch one’s heart 感动

15. in fact 事实上

16. make friends 交朋友

17. be good at 在某方面成绩好

18. the other 另一个

19. be similar to 与…相似

20. be good with 与…和睦相处

21. have fun=Have a good time 玩得开心

have fun doing sth 做某事很开心

22. do the same thingsas me. 做和我一样的事情

23. It’s+adj+(forsb.)to do sth. “做某事(对某人来说)是...的 ”

24 make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友

25. as long as 只要;既然，引导条件状语从句

【词语辨析】

1. be good at=do well in ，其后可接名词、代词或动名词，表示擅长......

2. care about 关心

care for 关爱

take care (当/小心)

take care of (照顾)=lookafter

3. make sb. do sth.： 让(使)某人做某事(make后跟不带to的不定式)

His father always make me get upbefore five o\\\'clock.

make sb. +形容词：使某人保持某种状态

My friends always make me happy.

4. be like“就像…”I am like your sister.

look like “外貌上的像 ” I look like my sister.

5. That’s why+句子：那就是…的原因/那就是为什么…

That\\\'s why I study English hard. 那就是我努力学习英语的原因。

6. be differentfrom 与……不同

反：be the same as 与…… 相同

7. though

① adv. 不过;可是;然而(句末补充说明使语气减弱)

② conj. 虽然;尽管=although，与but 不能同时用在一个句子中

He said he would come. He didn’t,though. 他说他要来，可是并没有来。

Though/Although he has been deadfor many years, many people still remember him.

尽管他已经去世很多年了，但很多人仍然记得他。

8. get bettergrades 取得更好的成绩

9. does(助动词do/did)，为了避免重复，可代替上文出现过的实意动词。

10. be good withsb. 与某人相处得好

Unit4 What’s the bestmovie theater?

【重点语法】

1. 形容词最高级： 用于三者或三者以上的人或事物相比较。

标志词：表比较范围时用in/of

形容词最高级前须加定冠词the，副词最高级前可省略the。

2. 表示“三者(或以上)中最……的”的句型

1)A + be + the 形容词最高级 + 表示范围(in/of介词短语)

2)A + 实意动词 + (the) 副词最高级 + 表示范围的of/in介词短语

3. 常用句式

1) Who/ Which…+ 最高级…, A, B or C ?

2) one of +the +形容词最高级 +名词复数形式, 意为“最…之一”。

3)序数词后跟形容词最高级

【重点短语】

1. so far 到目前为止，迄今为止

2. no problem 没什么，别客气

3. have….in common 有相同特征(想法、兴趣等方面)相同

4. be up to 由…...决定/是…...的职责

5. all kinds of … 各种各样的……

6. play a role in doing sth./sth. 发挥作用，有影响

7. make up 编造(故事、谎言等)

8. for example=e.g. 例如

9. take …..seriously 认真对待

10. not everybody 并不是每个人

11. close to 离..….近

12. more and more 越来越……

【词语辨析】

1. How do you like+名/代/V-ing=What do you think of ：“ 你认为…怎么样?”

2. Thanks for=Thankyou for +名/代/V-ing:“感谢…”

3. You’re welcome.=Not at all. 不客气

4. talent 名(可)天赋

talent show 才艺表演

talented adj. 有天赋的

be talented in 在......方面有天赋

5. be good at 擅长… (= do well in)

反义短语：be poor / weak in 在...方面薄弱

be good for 对……有益，后跟人或事物;其反义短语是be bad for

be good to 对……好(和善;慈爱)，相当于 befriendly to，后面通常接人

6. all kinds of 各种各样的

different kinds of 不同种类的

a kind of 一种…...

__ kind of 有点+adj.： kind of boring / fat /thin

7. win vt. 赢得+奖品 winner n. 赢者

8. watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做了某事

watch doing sth. 观看某人正在做某事

9. 举例：such as 常列举几个例子，不能穷尽，可和and so on(等等)连用;like可和such as互换;for example 一般只列举一个，作插入语用逗号隔开，可置于句首/句中/句末。

Unit5 Do you want towatch a game show?

【重点语法】

1. 询问某人对某物的观点及看法：Whatdo you think of …?=How do you like…?

2. 描述喜好I love/like/ don’t mind/dislike/can’t stand…

3. 复习巩固一般现在时态：主语+V+其他;主语(三单)+V(三单)+其他)

【重点短语】

1. find out 查出/发现

2. be ready to do 准备做…

3. dress up 打扮/化妆成

4. take one\\\'s place 代替某人

5. do a good job 干的好/表演的出色

6. think of 想到/思考

7. game show 游戏节目

8. learn from 向…...学习

9. talk show 访谈节目

10. soap opera 肥皂剧

11. go on 继续

12. watch a movie 看电影

13. one of… 其中之一

14. try one’s best to =do one’sbest to 竭尽全力

15. a pair of 一双

16. as famous as 一样闻名/出名

17. look like 看起来像

18. around the world 世界各地

19. have a discussion about 讨论…...

20. one day 有一天/某一天

21. such as 例如

22. a symbol of 一个象征/标志

23. something enjoyable 快乐的事情

24. interesting information 有趣的信息

【词语辨析】

1. want + n 想要……

want to do sth 想要做某事

want sb to do sth 想让某人做某事……

2. mind 介意，其后+名词/代词/V-ing

3. stand

1)“站, 站立” e.g. Stand up! 起立

2) “忍受”(多用于否定句、疑问句) , 后可+名/代/V-ing

4. plan vt. &vi.计划, 打算，plan to do sth.

plan 还可作名词，如：make plans 制定计划

5. v. discuss (讨论) + ion→ n. discussion

had a discussion about sth. 对某事进行讨论

6. happen v. 发生; 出现

sth+ happens to sb.”或“sthhappened + 时间/地点”句式

7. 情态动词

may 语气弱于can，意为“可能”

might 表推测，语气最弱，意为“可能”

may/might not 表示否定推测时语气最弱，意为“可能不”

They may not be very exciting. 它们可能不是那么令人兴奋。

8. expect to dosth. 期盼做某事

hope to do sth: 希望干某事

很多动词后面都可以跟动词不定式作宾语，如：

want, like, hope, wish, learn,start, begin, prefer, try, ask

9. be famousas 作为……而出名

be famous for sth. 因为......而出名

10. one of… 后跟可数名词复数，表示…之一。 其后的谓语动词用单数。

One of my favorite movies is Mr.Bean. 我最喜欢的电影之一是憨豆先生。

11. show

n. 节目 TV shows/talent shows;

v. 展示 show sth. tosb.= show sb. sth.

Unit6 I’m going to study computer science.

【重点词语/短语用法解析】

1.want to be/become + (职业)名词 :“想要成为…..”

I want to be (be) a scientistwhen I grow up.

2.write stories 写故事

tell stories 讲故事

3.keep on doing sth. 继续做某事(表动作的反复)

keeping doing sth. 保持做某事(表动作或状态的持续)

4. besure about +名/代/V-ing“肯定”

Are you sure about that?

make sure (that)+从句“…...确保...…”

Make sure that both doors are closed whenyou go out.

5.learn sth. We must learn English every day.

learn to do sth. I amgoing to learn to play ( play) the piano.

6. discuss v. 讨论;商量 名词是discussion

discuss with sb. 与某人讨论 :

Discuss this question with yourpartner.

Let’sdiscuss this problem. 让我们讨论一下这个问题。

All we need now is action, not discussion. 我们现在需要的是行动，不是讨论。

7. beable to do sth. 能够做某事

(1)can : can+动词原形，无人称和数的变化。只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时，不能用于将来时。

be able to + 动词原形，有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态。

(2)can 常指客观上能够;be able to 更侧重于经过努力、克服一定困难有能力做成某事。

He will be able to(能够) speak English next year.(在此不能填can)

8.promise n. 承诺;诺言 v. 许诺;承诺;答应

make a promise(to sb) (对某人)许下诺言

keep a promise 遵守诺言

break a promise 违背诺言

promise (sb) to do sth. 许诺某人干某事

promise (sb) +that 从句

He promised to help me. 他许诺过要帮助我。

I promised that I study hard from nowon. 我承诺从现在起努力学习。

9.have to do with 关于;与……有关系

The book has to do with computers. 那本书与计算机有关。

10. takeup sth./doing sth.(尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做

I am going to take up cooking next year. 明年我将要学煮饭。

11. Sometimesthe resolutions may be too difficult to keep.

too+形容词/副词 to+动词原形，表示“太…...而不能...…”如：

The kid is too young to play thisgame. 这个小孩太小，不能玩这个游戏。

12.one’sown +名词 “某人自己的东西”， 强调某物为个人所有

my own book 我自己的书本

【重点语法】

一般将来时“am/is/are going to +动词原形”结构

1. 基本形式

否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形

一般疑问式：am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他?

特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?

He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在伦敦度假。

Look at the dark clouds. There is going tobe a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。

Is he going to collect any data forus? 他会帮我们收集数据吗?

What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么?

2. 基本用法

(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。

Dad and I are going to watch an opera thisafternoon.

今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。

(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。

Look! There come the dark clouds. It isgoing to rain.

瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。

Unit7 Will people have robots?

【重点词语/短语用法解析】

1.many+可数名词 许多......

much+不可数名词 许多......

2.live to be+基数词 + years old“活到...…岁”

3. bein great danger 处在极大的危险中

4.play a part in +名/代/V-ing. 参与某事/做某事

Everyone should play a part in saving theearth.

5.help (sb.) with sth. 帮助(某人)做某事

He often helps me with my English.

help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助(某人)做……

He often helps me study English.

help oneself ( to ) 自用(食物等)

Help yourself to the fish. 请随便吃鱼

6.the same as… 和……一样...... 反义短语：be different from

7. It takes/took/will take sb. some time to do sth. 某人花了……时间做某事(时态根据具体情况决定)

It takes me an hour to get to my office.

spend time/moneyon sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱)

sb. spend time/money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事。

I spent two hours on this math problem. 这道数学题花了我个小时。

They spent two years building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。

8.hundreds of + 名词复数 许多/大量......

数词+hundred + 名词复数 几百......

类似的数词还有thousand(千) , million(万)

There are four hundred students in ourgrade.

There are hundreds of tourists in Beijingevery year.

9.during 在…期间

during the vacation/the daytime/the weekend

10.the meaning of …的意思

Can you tell me the meaning of the words?

【重点语法】

一般将来时

一、一般将来时的含义

一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或状态，或将来经常发生的动作或状态。

二、一般将来时的基本结构

1. will/shall+动词原形

will 在陈述句中用于各种人称;shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。

否定式：will not=won\\\'t;shall not=shan\\\'t

一般疑问式：will/shall+主语+动词原形+其他?

特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?

Iwill/shall do a better job next time. 下次我要做得好些。

Oiland water will not mix. 油和水没法混在一起。

—Willhe help you with your English tonight? 今天晚上他会帮助你学习英语吗?

—Yes,he will./No, he won\\\'t. 是的，他会。/不，他不会。

—Whenwill you arrive for America? 你什么时候去美国?

—Tomorrow. 明天。

2.am/is/are going to +动词原形

否定式：am/is/are not going to +动词原形

一般疑问式：am/is/are +主语+ going to + 动词原形+其他?

特殊疑问式：特殊疑问词+一般疑问式?

He isgoing to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在伦敦度假。

Lookat the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。

Is hegoing to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集数据吗?

Whatare you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么?

三、一般将来时的用法

will+动词原形与am/is/are going to +动词原形的用法虽然都表示将来发生动作或情况，一般情况下能互换。但它们的用法是有区别的。

1.will主要用于在以下三个方面：

(1)表示主观意愿的将来。

Theywill go to visit the factory tomorrow.

明天他们将去厂参观工厂。

I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling.

我将和王兵、刘涛、杨玲一起来。

(2)表示不以人的意志为转移的客观的将来。

Todayis Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.

今天是星期六。明天是(将)是星期日。

Hewill be thirty years old this time next year.

明年这个时候他就(将)三十岁。

(3)表示临时决定，通常用于对话中。

—Maryhas been ill for a week.

玛丽病了一周了。

—Oh,I didn\\\'t know. I will go and see her.

噢，我不知道。我去看看她。

2. begoing to主要用于一下两个方面：

(1)表示事先经过考虑、安排好打算、计划要做某事。

Dadand I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.

今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌剧。

(2)表示根据目前某种迹象判断，某事非常有可能发生，表示推测。

Look!There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.

瞧!乌云密集。天要下雨了。

Unit8 Howdo you make a banana milk shake?

【重点词语/短语用法解析】

1.cut是“切, 割”的意思，过去式为cut。

cut up 意为“切碎”

Cut up the bananas. = Cut the bananas up.

Cut it /them up.

2.turn on 打开, 接通(电流、煤气、水等)

turn off 关掉,截断(电流、煤气、水等)

turn up 开大,调高(音量、热量等)

turn down 调低,关小(音量、热量等)

3.one more thing 另外一件事情

another ten minutes 再多十分钟

数字+ more + 物品 指“另外的……

another + 数字 +物品 指“另外的……

当数字为one时，常与more连用或只用 another。

Give me two more hamburgers?

another two hamburgers

4. forgetto do sth. 忘记(去)做某事

forgetdoing sth. 忘记已做过某事。

5. It’s a time (for sb). to do sth. 该是(某人)做某事的时期了

It’stime (for sb.)to dosth. =It’s time for sth. 该是(某人)做某事的时间了。

It’sa time for you to study English.

It’stime for us to go to school.(It’s time for school.)

6.give thanks for +名/代V-ing “感恩...…”

We should give thanks for our parents.

He gave thanks for life and food.

7.Most Americans still celebrate this ideas of giving thanks by having a bigmeal.

by+sth./doing :

1)以…...方式 I study English by listening toEnglish songs.

2)在...…的旁边 I am sitting by the pool.

3)在...…之前 I have to go to school by 8:00.

4)搭乘 I go to school by bus.

8.Here is +名单(宾语) “这是…” 是倒装句

Here is a photo of my family.

Here are+名复

Here are some English books.

当宾语是代词时，要用顺装。如：Here you are.(对) Here are you.(错)

9.fill sth. with sth. 用...…把…...装满 (强调动作)

be full of“装满…”(强调状态)

I filled the cup with themilk.

The cup is full of the milk.

10.put…in(into)…把…...放到...… 里

11.cover…with…用…...覆盖

12.cut …into把…...切成...… Cut the apple into four pieces.

cutup… 切碎

13.serve v. 服务 n. service

serve +名/代“提供…” The shop serves nice food.

serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. Serve it to your friends with some vegetables.

serve sb. with sth. “用某物招待某人” Serve the guests with some tea.

【重点语法】

名词：名词是表示人、事物、地方、现象及其它抽象概念名称的词。

一、名词分为专有名词和普通名词。

专有名词是表示具体的人、事物、地点、或机构等的专有名称。

如：Guangzhou，Mike，UNESCO等。

专有名词一般情况下第一个字母要大写。

普通名词是表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名称。

如：police，eggs，rice等。

二、普通名词又可分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。

个体名词：表示某一类人或某一类东西中的个体。

如：monkey，panda，ruler，boy等。

集体名词：表示一群人或一类事物的总称。

如：family，police，class，people等。

物质名词：表示无法分为个体或不具备确定形状和大小的实物。

如：Water，air，milk等。

抽象名词：表示抽象概念词。

如：hope，love，spirit。

英语的名词有可数名词和不可数名词两种。

一般来说，个体名词和集体名词多为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词多为不可数名词。

三、名词单数变复数的规则总结

1. 规则变化

(1)一般在名词词尾加"-s"，

map—maps地图

bird—birds鸟

orange—oranges 桔子

bike—bikes自行车

(2)以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词加"-es"

box—boxes盒子

class—classes班级

watch—watches手表

dish-dishes盘，碟子，餐具

(3)以o结尾的无生命的名词后面加"-s"

photo—photos相片

radio—radios收音机

zoo—zoos动物园

以o结尾的有生命的名词后面加"-es"

tomato—tomatoes西红柿

potato—potatoes土豆

hero—heroes英雄

negro—negroes黑人

(4)以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加"-es "

baby—babies婴儿

family—families家庭

以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加"-s"

boy—boys男孩

toy—toys 玩具

(5)以fe或f结尾的名词，把fe或f变为v加”-es “

knife—knives小刀

wife—wives妻子

leaf—leaves树叶。

2. 不规则变化

(1)child---children

foot---feet

tooth---teeth

mouse---mice

man---men

woman---women

注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。

如：an Englishman，two Englishmen。

但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans。

Bowman是姓，其复数是the Bowmans。

(2)单复同形的名词

如：deer鹿，sheep绵羊，fish鱼，

Chinese中国人，Japanese日本人

li里，jin斤，yuan元

注意：除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:

a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters

(3)集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。

如：people人， police警察，cattle牛等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，apolice，a cattle.

但可以说 a person，a policeman，a head of cattle

theEnglish，the British，theFrench，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swiss 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。

如：The Chinese are hard-working and brave.

中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。

3. 以s结尾，仍为单数的名词

(1)maths数学，politics政治(学)，physics物理学等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

(2)news消息、新闻是不可数名词。

(3)the United States美国，the United Nations联合国应视为单数。

The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。

(4)以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也视为单数。

"The Arabian Nights" is a very interesting story-book.

<<一千零一夜>>是一本非常有趣的故事书。

4. 注意两点

(1)表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes 若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双); suit(套);a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers

(2)还有一些名词，其复数形式有时可表示特别意思，如：goods货物，waters水域，fishes(各种)鱼

四、不可数名词

不可数名词意味着这些名词只能是单数，没有复数形式，不能与数目字如one, two等连用，也不能加不定冠词a(n)。

不可数名词没有单数、复数之分，但我们在生活中有时候又必需给这些词计量，我们于是采用这种方法：a+表示这些东西的单位+of+不可数名词，

如：acup of tea，a box of milk，apiece of paper等。

如果为了表示多个的概念，我们就将表示这些东西的单位变成复数即可。

如：acup of tea---3 cups of tea，a box of milk---12 boxes ofmilk，A piece of paper---100 pieces of paper

【注意】

a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。例如：

Cakeis a kind of food.蛋糕是一种食物(不可数)

Thesecakes are sweet.　这些蛋糕很好吃。(可数)

b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：

Thisfactory produces steel.这个工厂生产钢材。(不可数)

Weneed various steels.我们需要各种各样的钢材。(可数)

c. 当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：

Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。

Twoteas, please. 请来两杯茶。

d. 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。例如：

fourfreedoms 四大自由

thefour modernizations 四个现代化

Unit9 Can you come to my party?

【重点词语/短语用法解析】

1. one…another… 表示不确定数目中的另一个

one…theother… 表示两者中的另一个

I don\\\'t like this one, canyou show me another?

I have two brothers. One is a lawyer andthe other is a manager.

some…others…表示没有范围限定的“一些…...另一些...…”

some…theothers… 表示某一范围的“一些...…其余的…...”

Some go to school by bike and others go toschool by bus.

Some go to school by bike and the others goto school by bus.

2. invite v. 邀请 n. invitation

invite sb. to do sth.“邀请某人干某事”

invite sb. to+地点名词

1) Mr. Green invited me to visit hisfactory last week.

2) Thanks a lot for your invitation

3) Thanks for inviting me to yourparty.

3.(1)What’s the date today? 意为“今天是几月几号?” It’s +月+日。

(2)What day isit today? 意为“今天是星期几?”It’s + 星期几。

—What’s thedate? —It’s September 10th.

—What day is it today? — It’s Wednesday.

4.have a lesson(class) 上课

have an English lesson

5.prepare v. 准备 n. preparation

prepare sth. “准备某物”，所准备的东西就是后面的宾语。

prepare for sth. “为……做准备”，指为后面的宾语做准备

prepare to do sth. “准备做某事”

6. bring...to…“带来”把某物从别的地方带到说话人的地方

take…to…“带去”把某物从说话的地方带到别处去。(两者方向相反)

Bring your homework here, and take the bookaway.

把你的作业拿过来，把这本书带走。

7.without(介词)没有反义词：with“具有”

We can’tlive without water.

Jane is a beautiful girl with long hair.

8. sothat +从句： 以便于;目的是

I study hard so that I can get good grades.

9.surprise n. 惊奇

surprised adj. 感到惊奇的(指人)

surprising adj. 令人惊奇的(指物)

be surprised at sth.“惊奇于某事”

to one’ssurprise “令某人惊奇的是”

① I’m surprisedat the surprising news. 我对这个令人惊讶的消息感到很吃惊。

② To my surprise, he left withoutleaving a word. 令我惊奇的是，他一声不响地离开了。

10.look forward to (介词)+名/代/V-ing

I look forward to your reply. 我期待你的答复。

I look forward to seeing you again.

11.hear from sb. = get a letter from sb. 收到某人的来信。

I heard from my friends yesterday.=I got aletter from my friend yesterday.

12.the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式

Exercising is the best way to keep healthy.

13.how to do that. “该怎么做”，疑问词+to do sth常用来做宾语

I don’tknow how to make a banana milk shake.

I don’tknow what to do.

14.at the end of “在…末尾”

Now, it is at the end of 2014.

反义短语：at the beginning of “ 在…开始”

15.be glad/happy/sad to do sth.“很高兴/难过做某事

I am glad to see you.

16.reply to sb./sth.“回复…”

Reply in writing to the invitation “以写信形式回复这份邀请函”

【重点语法】

一. 表示邀请的句型

1. Can/Could you…(come to my party)?

2. Would you like to..( Would youlike to my party)?

接受：Sure/Yes/Of course, I’d love/like to.

拒绝:：① I’m sorry, I can’t. I have to/must+V原 (陈述理由 )

② I’d love/liketo, but I … (理由)

3.I’mafraid not. I…(理由)

二. must与have to

1. must 表示主观“必须”;must 表示“主观上的要求”，无人称和时态的变化，否定回答: needn’t 或 don\\\'t have to (不必)。mustn’t 表示“禁止”.

2. have to表客观需要，有人称和时态变化，否: don’t / doesn’t /didn’t have to (没必要)

—Must I be home before eight o’clock? 8点之前我必须回家吗?

—Yes, you must. / No, you needn\\\'t. / No,you don\\\'t have to.

Unit10 Ifyou go to the party,

you’llhave a great time!

【重点词语/短语用法解析】

1. have agreat time 意为“玩得愉快”，=enjoy oneself, have fun, have a good /wonderful / nice time

have a great / good time in(doing) sth. 做某事很开心

2. ask sb.(not)to do sth. 要求某人(不)做某事

The teachers ask us to do (do)lots of homework.

3. order sth. from+地点“从某地订购食物”

I want to order some books fromthe book store.

4. keep…to oneself 保守秘密

5. unless conj. 除非;如果不

unless 引导的条件句表示在特定条件下，才决定做或不做一件事。=if...not

The concert will be held asschedule unless there is a typhoon.= The concert will be held as schedule ifthere is not a typhoon.

6. be afraidto do sth. 害怕干某事

I’m afraid to speak in front ofother people.

be afraid of sth. 害怕某事

He told me not to be afraid ofdifficulties.

be afraid +that从句

I’m afraid that I can’t finish ontime

7. be angry withsb.

We were angry with him forkeeping us waiting.

be angry at/about sth.

He is angry at/about your answer.

I was very angry at what he said.

8. in the end 最后;终于= at last/ finally

at the end of 在...末端;到...尽头

He married the nice girl in theend/at last/finally.

The school is at the end of thestreet.

9. careless adj. 粗心的;反义词：careful， 意为“小心的”。

The boy is very careless. 这个男孩很粗心。

He is more careful than me. 他比我认真。

10. advise v.“劝告;建议”n. advice, 是不可数名词.

Give me some advice!

advise doing sth. 建议做某事。

advise sb.(not)to do sth. 建议某人(不)做某事

I advise waiting till the righttime. 我建议等到适当的时候。

I advise him not to sleep lateevery day. 我建议他不要每天睡懒觉。

11. It’s best (not)to do sth. 最好(不)做某事

It’s best to speak English everyday.

12. run away from“ 从…逃离” “逃避”

13. cut …in half “切成两半”

【重点语法】

if条件句

if条件句：条件句用于陈述语气，表示假设的情况可能发生，其中 if 是“如果”的意思，引导条件状语从句，if从句用一般现在时，主句则用一般将来时。

(主将从现)

注意：在与if条件句连用的主句中我们一般用will 表示将来时，而不用be going to 表示将来时。

PS：在when(当…时候), after, before 等引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句为一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来(主将从现)。

如：I will call you when I reach Canada. 我一到加拿大就给你打电话。

人教版八年级上册单词表

八年级上册英语第一单元试题含答案

Ⅰ.单项选择(每小题1分，共15分)

(　　)1.I like this restaurant. Everything here tastes really ________.

A.well B.good

C.expensive D.deliciously

(　　)2.—I had a pleasant winter vacation with my family in the north.

—________

A.Oh, that's nice of you.

B.Enjoy yourself.

C.Well done!

D.Glad to hear that.

(　　)3.—Did you go shopping yesterday?

—Yes, I bought something ________ my father.

A.on B.to C.for D.of

(　　)4.—________ everyone in your office ________ a pen?

—Yes, no one has pens.

A.Does; need B.Do; need

C.Did; need D.Do; needs

(　　)5.—Li Lei, the summer vacation is coming.Where will you go?

—I decide ________ to Mount Emei.

A.go B.will go C.to go D.going

(　　)6.This old man enjoys ________ a walk after dinner every day.

A.to take B.takes

C.took D.taking

(　　)7.—Daming, is there ________ in today's newspaper?

—Yes, our National Table Tennis Team won all the seven gold medals once more.

A.something new B.anything new

C.somebody special D.anybody special

(　　)8.—Why were you late for school yesterday?

—Because it rained really ________.

A.hard B.hardly C.heavy D.big

(　　)9.—When did your uncle ________ in Shanghai?

—The day before yesterday.

A.arrive B.get

C.reach D.arrived

(　　)10.There were quite ________ baby pigs on the farm and they were very cute.

A.little B.a little

C.a few D.few

(　　)11.—Hi, Diana, how was your summer holiday?

—________! I enjoyed myself in the sea very much.

A.Good idea B.Wait a minute

C.That's too bad D.Pretty good

(　　)12.They ________ a good time because it rained heavily.

A. didn't have B. have

C. had D. don't have

(　　)13.Hurry up. It seems ________ soon.

A.rainy B.rain

C.raining D.to rain

(　　)14.We had great fun ________ in the water.

A.play B.swimming

C.sang D.swam

(　　)15.The boy missed his bus ________ playing games with his friends.

A.because B.because of

C.so D.if

Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题2分，共20分)

Hi, my name is Jeff. Last summer I had a __16__ vacation. I went across the USA __17__ my parents by car. We drove six to eight __18__ a day. In big cities, we stayed in big hotels. The food __19__ usually delicious. Most of the hotels had swimming pools and game rooms. I played there happily. But there were __20__ people in the hotels, so we often had to sleep in one room. And it was expensive, __21__.Sometimes, we __22__ in a small cabin(小木屋) in the mountains. I really loved it. The cabin was clean __23__ quiet. We had two rooms, so I could get up late in the morning. But I always got up early __24__ we wanted to go swimming. There was a beautiful lake __25__ the cabin. We also went fishing and cooked food outside.

(　　)16.A.great B.well C.really D.lazy

(　　)17.A.by B.with C.of D.from

(　　)18.A.years B.months C.hours D.weeks

(　　)19.A.were B.are C.is D.was

(　　)20.A.lots of B.kind of C.a little D.much

(　　)21.A.so B.too C.also D.then

(　　)22.A.worked B.studied C.stayed D.cleaned

(　　)23.A.but B.or C.not D.and

(　　)24.A.so B.because C.after D.before

(　　)25.A.near B.on C.in D.under

Ⅲ.阅读理解(每小题3分，共15分)

Dear Paul，

I can't believe my trip is over. I arrived in China just two weeks ago! I was with a group from Country Museum. We went to the Palace Museum and the Great Wall. They were cool and I learned a lot. I'm tired. But I loved every minute of my trip.

Best wishes!

Joe

Dear Luis，

My Australian vacation is just over, and I'm very relaxed! I spent my whole vacation in Kauai.

Every day for a week I played beach volleyball, lay on the beach and ate different kinds of food.

I also went swimming. I feel great.

Sue

Dear Michael，

Alaska is fantastic! I was just on a trip in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge(北极国家野生生物保护区). There were six people on the trip. We hiked(徒步旅行) for ten days. Then we took little boats to the Arctic Ocean. I saw a lot of wildlife. Now I'm going to another place.

See you in three weeks!

Kevin

(　　)26.Where was Joe on her vacation?

A.In Alaska. B.In Kauai.

C.In Beijing. D.We don't know.

(　　)27.Did Joe enjoy her vacation?

A.Yes, she did. B.No, she didn't.

C.Yes, he did. D.We don't know.

(　　)28.Sue was in Kauai for ________.

A.a day B.two days

C.three weeks D.a week

(　　)29.What didn't Sue do in Kauai?

A.Saw Wildlife.

B.Ate different kinds of food.

C.Went swimming.

D.Played beach volleyball.

(　　)30.A group of ________ people took a trip in the Arcitic National Woldlife Refuge.

A.six B.five

C.seven D.a lot of

Ⅳ.词语运用(每小题2分，共30分)

(A)用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空。

feel like, because of, make a difference，

too many, much too

31.We'll go for a walk if you ________ it.

32.If you work hard, you will ____________.

33.My sister didn't go to work____________ the heavy snow.

34.It's ____________ cold today. You'd better put on your coat.

35.He doesn't want to live in the city because there are ____________ people.

(B)用适当的介词填空。

36.________ the past, many people didn't have enough food to eat.

37.She felt ________ she was a bird at that time.

38.They're waiting ________ the bus at the bus stop.

39.Mr. Wang stayed in Rome ________ ten days last month.

40.We couldn't go to the park because ________ the bad weather.

(C)根据句意及首字母提示补全单词。

41.It's raining outside. Please take an u________ with you.

42.He looked terrible because he couldn't find his dog a________.

43.They looked b________ because of the b________ film.

44.There are many kinds of a________ in our school.

45.She didn't have e________ time to look after her child because she was busy with her work.

Ⅴ.书面表达(共20分)

假如你是 Mike，你印象最深的是去年暑假和家人一起去乡下(countryside)的爷爷家。乡下的空气很好，天气也不错;你和爷爷去爬山、钓鱼(go fishing)，和堂弟去游泳;奶奶每天都给你做好吃的。你们过得很愉快。请以“My Vacation”为题写一篇短文。

要求：80词左右。

参考答案

Ⅰ.1.B　2.D

3.C　buy sth. for sb.意为“为某人买某物”。

4.A　5.C

6.D　enjoy doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”。

7.B　anything用于疑问句和否定句，且形容词修饰不定代词时要后置，故选B。

8.A

9.A　“arrive in/get to/reach+地点名词”意为“到达某地”。

10.C　11.D　12.A　13.D　14.B　15.B

Ⅱ.16.A　句意：去年夏天我度过了一个很棒的假期。

17.B　with意为“和……一起”。

18.C　句意：我们一天开车6到8小时。

19.D　food意为“食物”，是不可数名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，且根据全文时态可知用一般过去时。

20.A　people是集体名词，表复数概念，四个选项中只有lots of 可以修饰people。

21.B　too用于肯定句句末，also用于肯定句句中。

22.C　句意为“有时候我们住在山里的小木屋里”。

23.D　句意为“小木屋既干净又安静”。

24.B　句意为“但我总是起床很早，因为我们想去游泳”。

25.A　句意为“小木屋附近有一个美丽的湖泊”。

Ⅲ.26.C

27.A　由文中“But I loved every minute of my trip.”判断，Joe很喜欢她的假期。

28.D　29.A　30.A

Ⅳ.31.feel like　32.make a difference

33.because of　34.much too

35.too many　36.In　37.like　38.for

39.for　40.of　41.umbrella

42.anywhere　43.bored; boring

44.activities　45.enough

Ⅴ.One possible version：

My Vacation

I remember my last summer vacation. My family and I went to see my grandparents in the countryside. The air there was fresh, and the weather was good, too. I went to the mountains and went fishing with my grandfather. And I went swimming with my cousin. My grandmother cooked delicious food for us every day. We had a great time.