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教学《吃水不忘挖井人》这篇课文时我遇到了这样几个问题:
一是孩子们对毛主席不够了解。虽然在上课之前,我让孩子们搜集了有关毛主席的故事,还让他们向自己的父母进行了询问,但是效果并不明显。当说到“江西”、“领导”、“革命”、“解放”时,孩子们是一脸的茫然。还有,孩子们对于吃水“难”没有切身的体会。书上写“村子里没有井,吃水要到很远的地方挑。”到底多远,多累?现在的孩子到校都要家长送,即使他对路程有感知,也不会真的累过。于是我就联系生活实际,让他们说说没有水的麻烦。这下,倒是打开了他们的话匣子:渴了就没水喝了;没办法煮饭、烧菜;妈妈不好洗衣服了;农民伯伯种的庄稼都要枯死了。
文本内容与现实生活相隔太遥远了,孩子们生活在21世纪,对过去的生活一无所知。生活条件优越的他们,很难理解、想象当时连口水都喝不上的困苦生活,又不能使用多媒体让学生直观感受,学生对文本的理解只能是粗浅的,简略的。
《吃水不忘挖井人》这篇课文离学生的生活太远,一年级学生对那个年代的事情根本不了解,“革命”、“解放”等词语更不知为何物,作为老师,也不是一两句话能说清的。
这篇课文的语言文字既不优美,也不深刻,在语言文字上下功夫的话,也是无从下手。
这篇课文该怎么上呢?我想了很久,就从这句话入手吧。“村子里没有井,吃水要到很远的地方去挑。”这句话写出了乡亲们吃水的困难。这让我想起了我教过的五年级的一篇课文《水》,于是,我拿来那篇课文的一些资料给孩子们看,一口小小的井旁,排着长长的队伍,两只水桶,那是全家人一天要用的水啊!慢慢地孩子们感受到了,体会到了。
水是多么重要啊!生命是离不开水的呀!可是,当时的政府没有人来管这件事,老百姓就一直过着艰难的日子。
毛主席来了,他看到了,就决心为老百姓做事情,他带领战士和乡亲们挖了一口井。这时,我再让学生想像乡亲们喝着这井里打上来的水,是怎样一幅欢乐的场面啊!孩子们的想像非常到位,下面是一些孩子的回答:孩子们笑啊跳啊!欢呼起来:“噢!我们终于有水喝啦!井水好甜啊!”一位老人握着毛主席的手说;“谢谢你,我们永远也不会忘记你的!我还要让我的儿子、孙子都想着你。”听了孩子们的回答,我想,今天的。教学任务我完成了。
没有说教,没有灌输,孩子们真正感受到了毛主席确实为老百姓做了一件好事,老百姓永远记着他,这就够了。我已经在孩子们幼小的心里种下了一颗种子。
一、在倡导语文教学的人文性,关注学生的探究性学习过程中,加强语言文字的训练。
如:第一自然段中描写天塌的情景,教者引导学生体会一边串叠词“轰隆隆”“黑黑的”“一道道”“熊熊大火”的作用,感受其传达出的人间惨状。
再如:三、四自然段的教学,教者引导学生找出女娲冶炼五彩石和补天的一连串动词,既使学生感受到女娲补天的艰难,同时使学生体会到这一连串动词生动传神的表达效果。
二、本课的教学注意把精力花在学生个性化、创造性读的训练。课文中“女娲补天”的过程是教学的重点,让学生根据各自的水平和习惯反复读出感觉来,读出味道来,用准确有感情地朗读把各自研究学习的收获告诉大家,学生读得动情大家听得入神。同时,用“边读边说”的方式交流,既是读中感悟的结果的呈现,又是自然的思维与说理的训练。
不足之处有:
1、由于把课文读的太多,课文的复述没有完成。应该直接跳到补天的过程之上,再让学生去感悟女娲的品质。可在前面书读得有点多,后面显得有点紧张。
2、我压制了学生的一些质疑,没能留更多的时间让学生思考。在今后教学设计时,我要多准备些学生独立思考、自读自悟、质疑解疑的时间,多根据学生的需求及实际设定教学环节,这样学生乐学,教师轻松。
3、课堂语言不够丰富,激励性不大,每个环节连接的不够紧密。在上课时,对于学生的回答,我的评价语也不够丰富,而在引导的过程中也存在着不够灵活的现象。
反思这节课,我在教学过程中还存在着很多的不足,如课堂上驾御能力不强、很多地方处理的不够灵活、教师的评价语很不到位。这也是我今后教学中要学习和加强的地方。课结束了,但是思考并没有结束。通过这节让我明白,在今后的教学中还需努力,多开公开课锻炼自己。
《吃水不忘挖井人》是这篇传统革命题材的文章,加上抽象的文字符号,很难引起学生是视觉的快感,上课开始我以童谣导入:沙洲坝,沙洲坝,三天不下雨,无水洗手帕。让学生想象没有水的苦恼,联系自己的生活谈谈:“沙洲坝人民没有水” 学生带着缺水少雨的苦闷走进文本切切实实的生活场景中。
随着对课文的理解,我让学生化身自己为跟随主席挖井的小战士,把教室又变成了另外一幅热火朝天的`劳动场景:“小战士,你拿的是什么工具?”“咦?小战士,你的手怎么这么脏?”“小战士,瞧你,满头大汗,休息一下吧?”“哎呀,小战士,你的肩膀上都起水泡了,快停下来吧?”学生边和老师对话,边动作表演。我又出示了另一首民谣:红井水,甜又清,手捧清泉想恩人。与刚才第一首民谣的鲜明对比,多侧面的把村民不忘毛主席的恩情折射出来。
课文最后在碑文“吃水不忘挖井人,时刻想念毛主席”中升华。这看似通俗直白的一句话由于立碑传文而蕴含着深广的意蕴。学生在个性化阅读中,认知经验的限制,他的理解、体验往往不能一步到位。于是我问学生沙洲坝人民有了这口井会干哪些事?借以提供给学生几种人物,村妇、农妇、行人,把学生已有的生活经验引进阅读中来,从多角度、多层次交流中感受这口井给人们生活带来的便利,与当初沙洲坝吃水难形成了鲜明的对比,从心中涌起感谢的情怀。“吃水不忘挖井人”真正成为学生”感于内而发于外的现实语言。
语文教学是一个动态的过程,一个感悟、体验的过程,一个生活的过程,语文教学就是一个将语文还原到一个具体的语文生活情境中,激活学生本原的语感和语用,在感性的实践过程中发展和形成语文素养。在此方面,对课文的延伸方面还不够到位,在以后的教学中应该注意这方面的教学。
《毛主席在花山》是一篇略读课文。这篇课文通过叙述了毛主席在花山的几件事,表现了毛主席热爱群众、关心群众、愿意和群众打成一片的革命情怀。教学这篇课文时,在学生读通课文之后,我再让学生认真地读一读课文,然后用自己的语言简要地说说课文讲了毛主席在花山的几件事,再想一想从中表现了毛主席的什么品质。学生认真地读书并讨论交流,就得出了答案。我再引导学生理解一些重点句子,通过理解这些句子,学生对毛主席的高贵品质有了进一步的了解。接着,再让学生思考一下哪些内容写得比较详细,哪些内容写得比较简略,为什么要这样安排?通过讨论交流,让学生掌握了一定的写作技巧。
1、要求学生用较快的速度默读课文,说出文章中讲了毛主席在花山的哪几件事。可要求用比较简练的话语概括出几件事情。在读懂课文的基础上,进一步讨论从毛主席在花山的几件事中体会到了什么。要引导学生从具体的事实内容出发,认真仔细地体会作品所表达的思想感情。
2、体会作者叙述的顺序:
从文字表面看,文章主要记叙了毛主席在花山村的三件事,叙述顺序很清楚。可进一步让学生理解这三件事为什么要按这样的顺序安排。让警卫员把群众请回来碾米,不要影响群众正常生活,表现了主席对群众的关心。进而派警卫员每天给碾米群众送去茶水,表现主席对群众的体贴、爱护。最后毛主席来到群众中,亲手给群众递去茶水、帮群众推碾子,表现了主席深入群众、和群众打成一片的作风。三件事在思想感情的表达上是层层深入、步步推进的。同时这样的叙述顺序也符合一般的事理发展过程,这样的分析可以使学生体会到文章的叙述顺序,要根据文章内容的需要来安排。
3、本文是以写人为主的记叙文:
作者具体写了毛主席在花山时的三件事,体现了毛主席的热爱人民、关心人民的思想感情和高尚品质。用具体事件体现人物的思想感情和品质是小学生应该掌握的一种表达方法。在阅读中应该让学生加以体会。
4、课外可让学生练写一篇以写人为主的记叙文:
题目自拟,要求写自己所熟悉的人,以《毛主席在花山》为例,要通过具体事件的记叙来表现人物的思想品质,防止空洞说教或作鉴定式的评论。
我们一行六人参加全区青年教师基本功大赛,我们学校有选手参加,选手课讲得非常精彩。我们共听了七节课,其中有一节课是一年级第七单元的一篇课文《吃水不忘挖井人》,这是通辽的一位选手讲的,这节课她设计的好,很有新意,但是她在教学过程中由于自身原因,耽误了时间,没有完成教学任务,还压堂,叫评委很不满意。
这节课虽然没有完成任务,但是也有许多地方值得我学习。这篇课文在我看来,内容离学生生活太远,不能吸引学生,学生理解起来有难度,因此我在教学这篇课文时,就没有认真专研教法,只是带领学生读了几遍,内容理解的少,通过课件叫学生简单的了解当时严重缺水,了解了毛主席,没有真正走进文本。而这位老师她能吃透教材,能运用已经学习的知识帮助学生理解。下面我从以下几方面谈谈这节课值得我学习的地方:
上课伊始,她引课时运用学生已经学习过的识字6,叫学生开火车读识字6的词语,当时大家都认为她在浪费时间,当学生读完识字6的词语后,她立刻又出示三个词,它们是“一位伟人、一位战士、一位老乡”,接下来她用这三个词导入今天这节课内容,“今天我们学习的课文是一位伟人、一位战士、一位老乡挖井的故事。”话说完就板书课题,当时我心里就有疑惑,她为什么导入课文这么罗嗦呢?
当她检查完学生读课文情况以后,开始学习课文的第一自然段,大屏幕出示了第一自然段的内容,指名读这一段内容,这段难理解的词特别多,她会怎样教呢?这时她出示了前边开始时读到三个词语,请你再读课文把画横线的词和下面的量词连接起来成为一句话,这样设计就降低了难度,又训练学生说话能力,同时也激发学生的学习兴趣。同学们兴趣一来,立刻把课文中难理解的词和下面的量词连成一句话,达到预期的效果。
这位老师在进行写字时,她不是向我们那样,把这篇课文要求写的字进行指导,她是把生字进行归类,这节课她指导的都是带有“心字底的字”,把本册书中出现的带有心字底的字都带进课文,注意观察它们的相同与不同之处,做到举一反三。她指导生字时叫学生先写一个,再写一个,写字环节落得实。
一节课不可能上的那么完美,一定有不足之处,但我们只有取长补短,自己的课堂才能少一些遗憾,多一些精彩。