1、教材简析《玩出了名堂》是小学语文三年级上册的第15课。这篇课文讲了一个有趣的故事,说的是列文虎克玩镜片,做成放大镜,接着,做出显微镜,最终发现了微生物世界,玩出了大名堂。课文语言表达准确而又生动活泼。全文贯穿一个“玩”字,字里行间渗透着创新思维的要素,即:兴趣、耐心、观察、思考。这篇课文紧扣观察的专题,目的是启发学生在平时的玩耍、游戏中,如能细心观察,养成留心观察的习惯,可能会有所发现,从而激发学生的观察兴趣,培养观察事物的习惯。
2、根据课文的特点我预设了如下学习目标:
(1)认识“阅、固、调”等6个生字,会写“堂、镜、闲”等字。能正确读出“名堂、浪费、镜片”等词语,区分“看”“磨”等多音字。
(2)读通课文,了解列文虎克在玩镜片的过程中是怎样玩出大名堂的。激发学生的求知欲,培养创新意识。
(3)有感情地朗读描写列文虎克怎么玩以及玩中发现的句子、段落,感悟作者语言表达的妙处。
教学重点:认识生字,新词,体会描写列文虎克玩的句子。 教学难点:体会到列文虎克能玩出大名堂的原因。
新课标要求,语文课程一定要使学生掌握最基本的语文学习方法,教学本课时,我主要采用以下几种学法:1、抓重点词句品读。文中描
写列文虎克是怎么玩的,玩出了哪些名堂的句子很值得学生品析感悟。2、朗读感悟。通过创设多种形式的读,培养学生的朗读语感,也将学生内化的情感表达出来。在教法上,我遵循以学定教的原则。如在上课之初,以“玩”切入,让学生说说自已平时怎么玩,让孩子自然而然、满心欢喜地进入课文。
(一)谈话导入
1、国庆节大家都干了些什么?引出“玩”,之后再以家长对孩子玩的态度引出课文“玩耍常常被认为是浪费时间的行为”,玩耍是不是真的就一无是处,毫无意义?今天我们就就来学习一则小故事,看看玩到底有没有意义?——引出课题《玩出了名堂》
从与学生密切联系的生活实际中导入,这种导入方法自然生动,学生易于接受,激发了学生的学习兴趣。
2、检验上节课的学习成果,复习生字词。
(二)初读感知
1、学生明确自读要求,自主读书。
2、检验读书效果,请同学们带着问题读书,找出“谁玩?玩什么?玩出了什么名堂?”
(三)品读课文
1、接上一环节学生答案,引导学生学习第五自然段。学生自读,齐读。品味句子:连英国女王和俄国沙皇也去拜访他看他的玩具。两个国家的领导人去拜访一个看门人,他到底做了什么?我们一起来学习
第三、四自然段。
2、学生自读课文,画出表示列文虎克玩的句子。品读第三自然段,在磨玻璃那句话中,我引导学生从中品味:厚、薄。这一厚一薄,看似简单,实际上暗含着他多少心血呀。通过对词语的品味,对相关内容的想象,学生会想象到制作情景,会认识到玩中要耐心,有持久性,才会成功。引出玩出名堂的一个条件:坚持不懈
3、列文虎克能坚持的原因:喜欢。结束第二段
4、玩出放大镜后,列文虎克并没有停止玩,他又有了新的玩法,指导学习第四段。玩放大镜这句话中我抓住“蚊子的腿看上去像兔子的腿”让他们多读,锻炼学生有感情的朗读课文,让学生体会要会思考,才有新玩法,才会有新发现,再以练习“我突然想到?会怎么样呢,我一试,啊,不得了?”让学生说自己在玩中的收获。 这个环节,既增强了学生的读书兴趣,加深了学生对课文内容的理解,又训练了学生口语表达能力,帮助学生体会到了作者表达的妙处,一举多得。后面写他的发现的`句子表达深入浅出,十分生动活泼。通过看一段视频,理解 “小人国”里的“居民”是什么?
1、再次理清本课的故事脉络,并适时讲清发明、发现两词,让学生理解名堂在课文中的意思是“发明、发现”。
2、再回到课文第一段,引导学生说出第一段统领全文的作用。
3、谈感悟,在本课最后,我设计让学生谈自己的感悟。最后老师归拢、提升,有时玩耍也并不是都是浪费时间的,有的伟大的发现都是
在玩耍中产生的,当然这玩耍需要耐心、细致的观察、用心的思考才有可能有伟大的发现。最后老师提出希望,老师也希望我们班的同学也能在玩耍中玩出大名堂,到时老师也会引你为傲的。
本课的设计我是一改再改,总想做到最好,但说明性的文章真的是很难设计,而且对三年级的孩子来说也有点难度,再加上自己教学机智不够,所以在课堂上还有许多的不足,希望大家指导,今后我会继续努力,谢谢。
本课教学,力求突出对文本内容的理解,深刻揭示文中蕴含的道理,注重语言的品味。凸显阅读教学“以读悟理”、“以读悟语”的基本特征,引导学生在品词、品句、品读中感悟作者表达的妙处。
1、本文讲述了一个有趣的故事:列文虎克玩镜片,之后,做成放大镜,接着,做出显微镜,最终发现了微生物世界,玩出了大名堂。
2、课文语言表达准确而又生动活泼。
3、全文贯穿一个“玩”字,字里行间渗透着创新思维的要素,即:兴趣、耐心、观察、思考。
1、三年级的学生不大会通过细致的阅读文本,理清文章的脉络,概括事件主要内容更是困难。
2、由于年龄小、缺少社会经验等原因,对于人物品格以及事件中蕴含的道理等内容,学生理解起来也会有较大困难。
3、学生阅读经验、方法积累的还不多,教师要引导学生自主尝试运用一些简洁而有效的方法,如:查找资料、联系上下文、品词品句、边读边想象等。
基于以上考虑,我们设定如下教学目标:
1、读懂课文,激发学生好奇心和求知欲,培养观察能力,增强创造意识。
2、有感情朗读课文,感悟文中蕴含的道理。
3、引导学生在品词、品句、品读中感悟作者表达的妙处。
引导学生在品词、品句、品读,做到有感情朗读课文。
感悟文中蕴含的道理。
为了达成上述目标,我们设计本课教学为五大环节。
1、回顾课文内容(3分钟)。
2、品味文章中蕴含的道理——玩出了道理(5分钟)。
3、感受“大名堂”——玩出了成绩(12分钟)。
4、感悟列文虎克是怎样“玩”的——玩出了花样(15分钟)。
5、联系生活,深化主题(5分钟)。
(一)回顾课文内容(3分钟)。
上课伊始,教师板书:玩。同学们都喜欢玩,老师也喜欢。通过第一课时的学习,我们认识了一位了不起的人物,名叫“列文虎克”。板书:列文虎克。他通过自己的努力一步步玩出了大名堂。板书:名堂。
同学们,你知道“名堂”这个词在词典是什么意思吗?学生发言时,教师依次出示三种解释:1、花样;2、成绩;3、道理。请同学们好好读读书,思考:你觉得哪种解释更有道理?在文章中找找理由。
根据一般人的阅读经验及前测,我们估计选择成绩的学生居多。理由在课文第5自然段,这就自然过渡到下一环节的学习。:感受“大名堂”。
为什么直接切入课文最后,抓住学生触动最大、印象最深的“名堂”展开读书交流呢?我们考虑,这样能够激起学生阅读兴趣,让学生对列文虎克的伟大发现有充分的认识,对列文虎克本人充满敬佩,为接下去感悟列文虎克为什么能够取得如此伟大的发现做好充足的铺垫。
(二)感受“大名堂”——玩出了成绩(12分钟)。
1、名堂是指什么?
我们先要帮助学生明确这个大名堂是指什么,可以请同学通过朗读告诉大家,列文虎克玩出了什么成绩?
此时,可以利用课件出示几则微生物的图片,丰富学生的必要认知,又增强了学生的阅读兴趣。
2、感悟名堂之大。
紧接着,我们引导学生深刻感受列文虎克玩出的名堂到底有多大。先请你轻声自由朗读这一段下面的文字,学生有所感之后,在讨论中教师顺学而导。
学生可能会谈到这句话:
(1)英国皇家学会知道了他的发现,聘请他为皇家学会会员。
我们可以请同学们谈谈自己对“英国皇家学会”的了解。学生交流资料,丰富必要的认知,当他们知道看门人列文虎克与鼎鼎大名的牛顿等人同属一个学会时,一定会惊叹于列文虎克的巨大成就。教师再利用课件动画演示激发学生读书热情,请学生带着自己的敬佩之情进行朗读,效果会很好。
学生还可能谈到这句:
(2)连英国女王和俄国沙皇也千里迢迢前去拜访他,欣赏他的“玩具”,并从“玩具”里观看新世界里的“居民”。
①课标指出:三年级的阅读教学应注重培养学生“理解词句的意思,体会课文中关键词句在表达情意方面的作用”,抓住“拜访、欣赏”等词,可以有效的促进学生感悟到女王和沙皇对列文虎克的尊重以及列文虎克伟大发现的轰动效应。
(②有些学生还可能会关注到句子中“连……也”句式的强调作用。如果没有学生提到,我们可以提示:这句话中有两个字配合起来使用,使得表达效果更好,你能品味出来么?通过比较两句话表达效果的不同,学生会加深对“言外之意”的理解,同时增强语感能力。
3、师生合作朗读,读出对列文虎克的敬佩之情。
理解到这种程度,有感情的朗读这一段成为可能。在学生练习之后,可以采取教师引读,学生接读的形式。师生合作朗读,营造富有感染力的“情感场”,可以有效烘托课堂气氛,加深阅读体验。
年少时,列文虎克家境贫寒,没有受过正规教育,可是他却……学生接读“最早发现了微生物,发现了一个全新的世界。英国皇家学会知道了他的发现,聘请他为皇家学会会员。
列文虎克就是一个普通的看门人,他的伟大发现却惊动了全世界,连……学生接读“连英国女王和俄国沙皇也千里迢迢前去拜访他,欣赏他的‘玩具’,并从‘玩具’里观看新世界里的‘居民’。”
(三)感悟列文虎克是怎样“玩”的——玩出了花样。
1、理清列文虎克是怎样一步步玩出花样的。
列文虎克的伟大成绩在学生头脑中留下了深刻的印象,我们回过头来看一看,有些同学也认为“名堂”可以解释为花样,你们的理由在课文那些段落呢?学生会找到课文2、3、4段讲了列文虎克玩的过程。这就进入到了本节课的第三大环节,教师请同学们仔细默读文章,思考列文虎克一步步玩出了怎样的花样?并动笔用序号在书上标出来。
随着学生的发言,课件出示以下表格:
磨镜片,做成放大镜
玩镜片
玩放大镜,做成显微镜
发现微生物
理清故事脉络后,我们还要更进一步,潜移默化地引导学生体会概括文章主要内容的方法。可以请同学们借助这些提示,用自己的话将列文虎克玩的过程说下来。而这就是故事的主要内容啊!之后,教师点评:象这样好好细读文章,用简洁的话语,列出重点情节,可以帮助我们很好地概括出文章的主要内容来!这一环节设计,学生既理解了内容,又发展了语言,还体会了学法,凸显了环节的整合,增强了实效。
2、细读感悟,有感情朗读。
接下来,我们就要引导学生细读感悟,有感情地朗读了。
尊重三年级学生年龄特点,我们请同学们读一读、找一找,列文虎克玩出了一系列的花样,哪些地方吸引了你?想一想:为什么?
学生也许会对磨制放大镜这一部分感兴趣。
(1)这份工作相当清闲,他待着没事,就一边看门,一边磨起了镜片。他把厚玻璃的四周磨薄,做成放大镜,用来看细微的东西,或者阅读字很小的书籍。
我们引导学生从中品味一组反义词:厚、薄。这一厚一薄,看似简单,实际上暗含着他多少心血呀。紧接着教师口头补充列文虎克数十年如一日,耐心磨制放大镜的相关资料。
通过对词语的品味,对相关内容的想象,以及资料的补充,学生会想象到制作、观察的情景,读起来兴趣会提升。同时,学生也会认识到玩中要耐心,有持久性,勤于动手才会有新的发现,新的乐趣。
学生也许会对做成显微镜一段感兴趣。
(2)有一次,列文虎克又在玩放大镜。他突然想到:把两片放大镜放在一起,会怎么样呢?他一试,啊,不得了,蚊子的腿看上去像兔子的腿。他越玩越带劲,就把一片放大镜固定,让另一片放大镜可以随意调节,这样就做成了一架简单的显微镜。
①揣摩人物当时的心理状态可以有效的帮助学生进入课文情境,贴近人物心灵,加深阅读体验,丰富读书感悟。我们可以让学生想象列文虎克当时心里会怎么想?
②我们还可以出示图片,激起学生朗读兴趣。
列文虎克玩出的花样还没有完,终于,一个神奇无比的新世界被他发现了!师生开始讨论发现微生物一段。
(3)他用显微镜观察水,看见水里有许多小生命挤来挤去;观察牙齿,看见里面有一种从来没有见过的小东西。他发现,除了我们平时看到的世界,还有另一个平时看不到的世界。那是一个“小人国”。“小人国”里的“居民”,比地球上的居民要多得多。
①同学们读懂列文虎克观察了哪些事物后,可以请大家猜想他还会观察什么?教师找准时机,补充资料:
列文虎克观察的对象非常广泛,有晶体、矿物、植物、动物、微生物、污水等等。他观察蜜蜂蜇人的“针”,看蚊子叮人的嘴,以及苍蝇的翅膀、蜘蛛的脚爪、羊毛的纤维、小甲虫的腿……他最早发现了细菌和原生动物,还测算了它们的大小,画出了他们的图片。
可以请同学们用一个词来形容列文虎克所观察的内容,既理解了资料内容又可以帮助学生丰富词汇积累。(数不胜数、不计其数、包罗万象、各种各样……)
②本段文字表达深入浅出,十分生动活泼。我们可以在适当的时机播放录像资料,看后,请同学们用文中的语句说一说你看到了哪些内容?(我看见水里有许多小生命挤来挤去;我看见一种从来没有见过的小东西;我看见一个平时看不到的世界。那是一个“小人国”。“小人国”里的“居民”,比地球上的居民要多得多。)
这个环节,既增强了学生的读书兴趣,加深了学生对课文内容的理解,又训练了学生口语表达能力,帮助学生体会到了作者表达的妙处,一举多得。
之后,我们可以安排学生朗读这一段,读出情趣自不在话下。
(四)品味文章中蕴含的道理——玩出了道理。
文章学到这里,玩出了花样的学习也就告一段落了。教师再出示“名堂”的三种解释,请大家思考:列文虎克为什么能够玩出这么多的花样?取得如此的成功?我们能够从中体会出什么道理呢?学生静下心来,回顾列文虎克玩出花样的过程,会有所感悟。
1、教师提示学生可以借助以下句式说一说:
因为________________________________,所以列文虎克玩出了大名堂。
如果________________________________,列文虎克就不能玩出大名堂。
2、学生发言过程中,师帮助归拢、提升,总结出列文虎克玩出大名堂背后的秘密。即:持久的兴趣;无比的耐心;细致的观察;用心的思考。
随着课堂学习的逐步深入,学生一步步走进了列文虎克的内心世界,一次次加深了对列文虎克玩法的认识,最终,水到渠成,明白了到底是什么原因使得列文虎克玩出了大名堂,从中经历了真切地阅读体验,收获了宝贵的阅读方法。
3、此时,出示列文虎克的一句名言:
要成功一项事业,必须花掉毕生的时间。——列文虎克
学生读后会感慨颇多。
我们再次出示“名堂”一词的三种解释,会发现三种解释,都能够从文章中找到相应的理由。这也启发我们,借助词典,掌握关键词语的意思,可以帮助我们深刻理解课文。这也是一种好的学习方法。
(五)联系生活,深化主题。
这节课进入了尾声,我们引导学生联系生活,深化主题。
通过师生模拟表演的方式,引导学生运用今天的所学与阻止自己玩耍的人据理力争。这一环节是对本堂课所学知识的巧妙检验,学生既可以通过复述课文内容的方法进行辩驳,也可以用积累到的课文中的语言、感悟到的哲理来进行陈述,较好地体现了人文性与工具性的统一,也使课堂在趣味、哲理、回味中落下了帷幕。
板书:
列文虎克 玩出了名堂
兴趣 耐心 观察 思考
放大镜 显微镜 发现微生物
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