识字7 教学目的：1.学会本课7个生字只读不写，2个生字会读会写。 2.初步了解象形字，感知祖国汉字的魅力。 3.正确、通顺地朗读韵文。
教学重点：1.学会本课7个生字只读不写，2个生字会读会写。 2.正确、通顺地朗读韵文。
教学难点：1.在拼读“犬”的读音引导学生发准quan 2.初步感知象形文字的特点。
一、激趣导入，引出课题
1、喜欢看动画片吗？今天王老师就请大家看个有趣的动画片（播放动画）
2、刚才的动画片好看吗？里面不仅有美丽的图片，还藏着许多有趣的汉字呢？（出示图片与汉字）猜猜看，是什么字？ 日 山 月
小朋友们真厉害！我们中国的汉字是一种最有特点的文字，每个字都有它独特的、可以理解的形状，写出来也很美，这样的文字，我们叫它“象形字”。（贴图）
3、想认识更多的象形字吗？那就跟老师一起走进识字7看看吧！跟我一起把课题写上，板书识字7，读题。
二、学习生字，初读韵文
（一）学习“马” 1.看谁来了？（出示马图和马的象形字）你怎么看出来的？（动画圈出马头、马尾、马脚）指名拼读 2.去拼音读 3.什么马？
4、齐读（贴卡片）
（二）学习“羊”
1、这是谁？（出示羊图和羊的象形字）这里的两笔就像小羊的两只角（动画圈出羊角）指名拼读 2.去拼音读
3、齐读（贴卡片）
（三）学习“犬”
1、还有谁也来了？（出示狗图和狗的象形字）身材较大的狗，我们叫它“犬”，指名拼读 2.去拼音读 3.开火车读2（火车火车，哪里开？这里开„„）分组读
4、齐读（贴卡片）
（四）学习“牧”
依次出示山羊图，绵羊图 ，师讲解特点，指名读，男女读，齐读 1.警犬图，帮助警察破案的狗
导盲犬图， 帮助盲人做事的狗
牧羊犬图，帮助牧民放羊的犬
2、点牧字，瞧！出示牧的象形字，手拿着棍棒在放牛，左边的牛字旁代表牛（出示象形字图和实物图），右边的反文旁代表了手拿着棍子（出示象形字图和实物图）。 4.指名读字“牧”
5、牧可以和这些字做朋友，出示牧的词语 齐读
（五）巩固练习
找一找，把对应的文字和图放一起，贴在黑板上
（六）学习韵文
1、打开课本自己练习读，不会的字拼拼音
2、出示词语，指名读，男女读，开火车读，齐读
竹竿 草地 放羊啦 牧羊犬
3、出示句子，指名读，分组读
还缺一条牧羊犬，小黑小黑你来吧！ 4.出示韵文，指名读，齐读。
三、指导写字
（一）学习“羊”
1、出示“羊”，指名读，齐读 2.用什么办法记住它
提示：2只羊角朝内收，最长的是第三横，最短的是第二横，三横距离要一样
3、跟着老师书空写，点撇内收，三横距离一样 4.师念笔顺，生描红一个，写一个。
（二）学习“犬”
1、出示“犬”，指名读，齐读 2.用什么办法记住它
提示：撇捺一样长
3、对比三个犬字，哪个好？ 4.跟着老师书空写，撇捺要舒展 5.师念笔顺，生描红一个，写一个。
（三）练习反馈，交流纠正
1、反馈个别学生的作业 2.写剩下的部分
四、总结
师：这节课我们了解了象形字马、羊、犬、牧，(指板书）知道它们是模仿形状造出来的，十分奇妙。不过，我们的汉字历史这么源远流长，其间的变化必定是妙趣横生，等着大家再去探索呢！今天就学到这里，下课！
板书设计： 识字7 象形字
图 马 的象形字 马 图 羊 的象形字 羊
图 犬 的象形字 犬
图 牧 的象形字 牧
一、人This is a great building block to learn because it’s just so easy to recognise, even when surrounded by other characters. In ancient Chinese writing, this character resembled the profile of a walking person. With a little Chineasy magic, you can easily see how the curved strokes represent a person’s legs. 人 simply means “person”， so you’ll come across it in phrases and compounds related to individuals and groups of people. Also, you’ll frequently see 人 in component form, which looks like this: 亻。 Pinyin: 人 ren2
二、口 is one of the first Chinese characters a student will learn. Not only is it extremely easy to write and remember, it’s a very common building block; learning 口 early is a great investment for any student of Chinese! One thing to remember when using this building block is that there is a nearly identical character that means “surround”。 口 (surround: wei2) is typically larger than 口 (mouth) and can’t be used by itself. For example, 回 (to return: hui2) has a 口 (mouth) in the middle, and a 口 (surround) around it. If you see 口 standing all alone, it’s definitely a “mouth”。 Pinyin:口 kou3
三、木This common building block character originally represented a tree （obviously!） with both branches and roots. In the modern form of the character that you see here, the roots look just like low-hanging branches, so feel free to remember them this way! As a building block, 木 is featured in a lot of compounds. Typically, if you see 木， you know you’re reading something about nature or wood! Also, just like in English, trees can have connotations of stupidity or dullness; an easy way to remember this alternative meaning is to remember the insults: “as thick as two planks [of wood]” and “block head”。 Pinyin: 木 mu4
四、火This building block looks like a person waving both arms, as if she or he were frantically yelling: “Help, help, I’m on fire!”。 Originally, 火 was just a pictogram in the shape of a flame, but I like to think of a person on fire instead! Everyone’s brain is a little different, so feel free to focus on whatever image best helps you remember the character! Pinyin: 火 huo3
五、門 This building block character originally represented a gate in ancient Chinese writing. The modern form of the character looks an awful lot like a pair of saloon doors from the Wild West! At least that’s how I remember it. Because 門 is such a common building block, you should definitely spend some quality time to practice writing it. We occasionally see a smaller component character placed inside of it like this: 間 (jian1)。 Pinyin: 門 men2
六、大If a person stretched their arms wide, this person is saying, ‘it was this big’。 大This compound is a great one to learn. It’s pretty easy to recognize, and is very common. Originally, this character represented a person with its arms spread wide. You can imagine a person saying “this big„” and demonstrating with a gesture! Pinyin: 大 da4
七、日 The current version of this ancient building block is quite interesting. It looks just like a window, which is quite handy for us learning Chinese, but why doesn’t this character look like a sun? I mean, it’s not especially hard to draw a sun, right? Well, it used to look a lot more like that burning star in the sky, but the Chinese language has been evolving for thousands of years and most characters have changed a lot. It’s just like “old English”， “middle English”， and “modern English”。 The oldest form of Chinese that we’ve found is the oracle bone script from c. 1400BCE. Back in those days, the character for sun was a circle with a dot in the middle. It looked much more like a sun than the current character! Over time, however, the character became more and more rectangular along with many other characters. Eventually, the dot in the centre became the horizontal line we see in the middle today and the circle became a rectangle. Cool, right? Pinyin: 日 ri4
八、山This is a ‘mountain’。 九、一 词的延伸
一、从‘A person’， If someone walk behind, that is ‘to follow’。
二、众A the old saying goes, two is company, three is a crowd.
三、囚The person inside the mouth, the person is trapped. He’s prisoner, just like Jonah inside the whale. Pinyin: 囚 qiu2
四、呆This character combines the building blocks 口 (mouth) and 木 (tree)。 Just think about it, a talking tree would be pretty idiotic! The original form of this compound depicted a child; you can still imagine 口 as the head and 木 as the body. This character's definition comes from the simple-mindedness of a child, so it can also translate to English words like “foolish”， “stupid”， and “boring”。 Pinyin: 呆 dai1
五、本This compound features the building block 木 (tree)， with the addition so a short horizontal stroke near the bottom. This lower stroke is what really tells us the meaning of the character. At the bottom of a tree are its roots, so we can call those roots a tree’s foundation. In addition to being defined as “foundation”， 本 can also mean “origin”。 Pinyin:本 ben3
六、林Have you already seen the compound 屾， which means “two mountains”？ This compound has the same structure; we take the character 木 (tree:mu4) and double it up like this: 林(lin2)。 Take note that its definition is “woods” or “forest”， and NOT “two trees”。 In Chinese, it’s very common to see sounds or character doubled up. Sometimes, many copies of the same character can be used in a compound. For example, take a look at this gnarly character:
(sha1)！ Pinyin: 林 lin2
七、森This character contains three of our tree building blocks all squished together. It’s structure is actually very similar to the character 焱 (yan2)， which means “flame”。 Like western culture, the forest is sometimes associated with darkness in Chinese, so we can find this compound in phrases that mean things like “gloomy”， “eerie”， and “dark”。 I think forests are generally lovely places for adventures, but perhaps this wasn’t the case in ancient times! Pinyin: 森 sen1
八、焚 This compound contains the building block characters 木 （tree) and 火 (fire)。 When we put two trees together, we get a forest or “woods” （林）。 Wood is a great fuel to use for fires, so it’s easy to remember that a forest （林） on fire （火） is burning (焚） Pinyin: 焚 fen2
九、炎This compound uses two copies of the same building block to add emphasis. By itself, 火 means “fire”。 When we stack two fires together, it starts getting really hot! You can see the compound 炎 used in the field of medicine as well; in that context it means “inflammation”。 By the way, using multiple copies of a building block as components in a compound character is something you’ll certainly see again! There are many compounds with a similar structure to this one. Pinyin: 炎 yan2
十、焱One 火 character all by itself means “fire”。 Two stacked together looks like this: 炎， and means “burning hot”。 With three 火 characters we go from “very hot” to “on fire”！ You will see 焱 again in some phrases that translate to words like “blaze”， “raging flame”， “fireworks”， etc. Don’t forget that even though the characters we just looked at all use the same building block, their pronunciations are completely different! 焱 is pronounced like this: yan4 Pinyin: 焱 yan4
十一、闩A door, put a plank inside the door, it’s a door bolt,
十二、问 put a mouth inside the door, asking questions. Knock, knock. Is anyone home? This person is sneaking out of a door, escaping, evading.
十三、闪This compound character features the building blocks 人 (person) and 門 (door)。 This phrase can translate to “to dodge”， “to duck”， “to avoid”， “to evade”， etc. It also means “to flash”。 You can remember this compound by imagining an outlaw dodging arrest by bolting through the saloon doors! Pinyin: 閃 shan3
十四、出This compound contains two copies of the building block character 山 (mountain)。 Usually, when we double down on a character, it adds emphasis. In this case, 出 implies a far distance, more than one mountain away. In ancient China, political opponents of the Emperor were often exiled, and this compound represents that distant place they were banished to. In modern Chinese, the compound means “to get out” or “exit”。 Pinyin: 出 chu1 十五、十六昌、晶For us, the sun is the source of prosperity. Two suns together, prosperous. Three together ，that’s sparkles. 白、旦
词组：
一、人口Whenever we start talking about population, we begin to think about the resources needed to sustain it, especially how much food is required and where it will come from. This phrase combines the building blocks 人 (person) and 口 (mouth)， which represents the way we think about population as mouths to feed. Pinyin: 人 ren2; 口 kou3
二、大人Big （大) + Person (人） = Adult （大人） The modern meaning of ‘big–size person’ is adult. In ancient times, ‘大人’ was the term used by citizens to describe their local authorities. Historically the local or provincial authorities had incredible power over ordinary people (making a wonderful environment for corruption)。 In order to express their humility (mainly for the sake of avoiding trouble)， citizens called those who were in power ‘big person’ （大人） to demonstrate their own inferior place in the social hierarchy. Pinyin: 大 da4; 人 ren2
三、大火Do you remember 'big' （大)？ （A person stretches his arms wide saying: 'It was THIS big!'）。 I'm sure you recognise the character meaning ‘fire’ (火） by now too. Big + Fire = BIG Fire! Easy! Easy! Pinyin: 大 da4 ； 火 huo3
四、大門This phrase contains the compound 大 (big)， and the building block 門 (door)。 Traditionally, the front door of a house is built to be impressive and useful, so it’s usually big! The literal definition of this phrase is “big door”， which we can translate to “front door”。
Big （大) + Door (門） = Front door （大門） Pinyin: 大 da4; 門 men2
五、日本In English, we sometimes call Japan the “land of the rising sun”。 The Chinese phrase you see here is the common name for Japan, and is actually very similar to the English phrase. The first character in this phrase is the building block 日 (sun)， and the second is the compound 本 (foundation, origin)。 These two characters represent the sun’s origin, which is where it rises in the east. What country lies to the east of China? Why, Japan, of course! This phrase is an abbreviation of 日本国 (ri4 ben3 guo2)。 Pinyin: 日 ri4; 本 ben3
六、日本人In English, if we want to create a proper noun that indicates someone’s nationality, we need to add a suffix like -ese or -an. For example: person from America = American. In Chinese, it’s much easier to create these nationalistic nouns. All we need to do is add the building block 人 (person)。 This phrase means “a Japanese person”， and contains the compounds 日 (day) and 本 (foundation, origin)， which creates the phrase 日本 (Japan)。 Then, we add the building block 人 (person) on the end. Pinyin: 日 ri4; 本 ben3; 人 ren2
七、火山“Fire Mountain” sounds like a dangerous video game level, but actually it’s just the literal translation of this phrase’s building blocks: 火(fire) and 山 (mountain)。 Sometimes I’m a little worried about the fact that the ground beneath my feet is part of a constantly moving set of tectonic plates resting on a bed of magma, which is constantly looking for a way to escape to the surface! Yikes! Pinyin: 火 huo3; 山 shan1
八、火山口Each character in this phrase contributes to a part of the definition, which makes it very easy for you to learn! If we break it down, we can see that 火 (fire)， 山 (mountain) and 口 (mouth) combine to literally mean “fire mountain’s mouth”， or “mouth of the fire mountain”。 火山 means volcano, and the mouth of the volcano is the crater at the top of the mountain where lava erupts! So, it’s very logical that the phrase 火山口 translates to the English word “crater”。 Note that this only refers to volcanic craters, and not craters made from asteroids or other objects. Pinyin: 火 huo3; 山 shan1; 口 kou3
九、出口This phrase contains the compound 出 (to get out) and the building block 口 (mouth)。 You can imagine someone telling you to get out! If you travel to China or Taiwan, you’ll see this phrase everywhere; it’s used in public areas to show people where the exit is. Often you’ll even see it accompanied with an English translation: “exit”。 Pinyin: 出 chu1; 口 kou3
紫欽天
太极博弈原理
中国象形字对照表精选 彩色版
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最佳答案
象形文字——字的形状是仿照事物的形体而来的：日 月
人
指事文字——表示某局部的或相对的概念，即象形字加抽象部分：刃 甘 会意文字——两字并一字：信-人+言
形声文字——形+声：河 湖（一半与事物想尽一半与读音相近）
《有趣的象形字》观课报告
《有趣的象形字》一课是基于人教版一年级上册《日月明》一课后的拓展综合实践课。主要是通过让学生观赏中国古代象形字的产生和发展过程了解汉字的悠久历史，激发学生的爱国情感，并激起学生的模仿和表演欲望，经过欣赏、总结、想象、进行拓展，抓住表现对象的重要特征来用象形字进行夸张想象一副象形字的画，能较为明确的表达字的意思，并通过学生的描述来锻炼他们的表达能力，让学生对我国的象形造字有进一步的了解，使学生更加热爱祖国文化。
王老师执教的这节课，有许多值得学习的地方：
首先，教师整体对教材把握很到位，教学紧扣课标对教学的要求，教学目标、重难点设计合理、明确，具体，可操作性强，体现了三维目标的整体要求，符合一年级孩子的认知特点。
第二，教学从生活中熟悉的象形字入手，到课中学习，课后延伸，环节完整。教学过程，环环相扣，教师带领孩子一步步深入学习。课堂教学结构设计合理，结构层次分明，布局合理。先由孩子比较熟悉的象形字入手，教学中又通过有趣的象形字演绎故事，让孩子们从音、形、意上认识了象形字，又通过字卡认读，检查巩固识字，最后又拓展到现代生活中的象形字，让孩子们认识到象形字并不是离我们那么遥远，而是就在我们的身边，就在我们的生活里。课堂教学的整个时间分配合理。
第三，本节课教学组织形式多样。通过谈话激趣导入，通过动画情景教学是学生兴味盎然，字卡找朋友检查巩固，在生活中找找象形字，绘画创意等多种形式，感受象形字的魅力和韵味。
第四，教师的信息技术手段运用娴熟，不论从课件的设计还是到课堂的实际操作，都能够看出高科技的手段对我们教育教学提供的便利。给我印象最深的就是利用课件识字中，象形字摇身一变为可爱的人儿骑着马子，撑着小舟，打着雨伞，撒开渔网，这些可爱的动画是孩子们看得津津有味，乐此不疲。可见好的技术手段，就能大大提高教学效果。教师非常高超的课件设计制作能力，给课堂增添了非常生动而又高效的一笔。
这节课的不足之处有：
教师对孩子的关注度还不是很够，孩子学习的参与面不是很大。教学互动基本停留在生问师答这个层面上，没有更深层次的交流、互动和生成。
纵观整堂课，教师虽然没有很好地做到以生为本，体现自主、探究、合作的教学形式，但是从教学检查的效果来看，还是基本达到了教学的既定目标。在以后教学中，我也应该努力做到以生为本，运用多种教学方式手段，鼓励学生自主、合作、探究地学习。
13、象形字真奇妙
【教学目标】：
1、 初步了解象形字的造字特点，学习用事物的图像识记一些象形字。
2、 正确朗读课文，感悟象形字的奇妙并背诵课文。
3、 发挥想象，进行象形字的牵引并了解纳西象形文。 【教学重点】
1、 用好办法学习课文中的生字，并在语境中正确识记。 2.正确朗读课文，做到不加字，不漏字，在熟读基础上背诵。
【教学过程】：
一．导入新课，学习“象形字”
1、动画引入，激发兴趣。
师：古时候，当文字还没有出现，人们就模仿事物的形状造字来记录事情。现在，黄老师请同学们看一段有趣的动画(点)，边看边来猜一猜，这些事物模仿的是什么字。 播放动画
画外音：*（媒体出现树木）师：瞧，一棵树就是——木；两棵树在一起就是——林；一片树木聚在一起是——森。
*看，此时天上飞来了2只——鸟，地上走来了一头——象。
总结：我们从这段动画中认识了——日、鸟、山、川和象。
2、学习“象形字”。 师：这些就是中国最早出现的字，称为——象形字。PPT:出示词语 1) 指名读 “形”的后鼻音。
2）齐读。
3）书空词语。板书：象形字
（1）象，在田字格中书写。说笔画。一起说笔画，书空 （2）形，字形结构。
3、介绍象形字来源，读好词语。
师:小朋友们，你们猜猜看，在象形字出现之前，人们是怎么记录事情的？想不想知道？（想）老师来告诉大家，起初人们用绳子打结的方式来记录事情，一个结就代表一件事，3个结就代表——三件事，对啊，可是时间久了，他们就发现结不够打了，于是聪明的祖先便想到模仿事物的形状造字来记录事情，逐渐形成了象形字。要知道现在还有地方在使用古老的象形字，厉害吧！ 3）齐读。 （自豪感）
3、过渡。师：现在，我们就一起走进象形字。（指屏幕）
二．初读课文，揭示课题
1、自读课文，了解内容大意。
师：先请小朋友借助拼音读一读第13课，注意啦，读书时做到读准——字音，读通——句子，不加字——不漏字，按标点——停顿。边读边想，你觉得象形字怎么样？
1）指名读课文。师：谁想来读读课文。请6位小朋友为我们分别读课文的6个小节。
2）交流。
补全板书：象形字真奇妙！师：是啊，象形字真奇妙。补全板书：象形字真奇妙！（“真” 里面有几横？——3横）黄老师在这里加上感叹号，说明这是一句——句子。
3、读好句子，读出奇妙的语气。
1）指名读。 2）齐读。 3）引出课题。
三、学习课文
（一）整体感知
1、全班合作读文，理解象形字的奇妙之处。 1）带着问题，合作读文。
师：这种文字为什么叫象形字？它究竟奇妙在哪里呢？请全班配合着读一读课文，第一节全班一起读，第一组读第二节，你们读第三节„„，最后一节一起读，好，开始。
2）指名回答。
师：谁能用课文中的一句话来回答？（指名回答）
出示第一小节： 象形字，真奇妙，模仿形状把字造。
3）引读句子。师（引读）：对了，模仿形状造出的字，就是——象形字。（指黑板）
象形字奇妙在，它能——模仿形状把字造。（贴条）
*学习生字“造”。
4、看动画，听课文。师：接下来，黄老师再给大家看一段有趣的动画，体会一下人们是如何模仿形状造字的！（放录像）
（二）精读课文
1、 看图说话。（PPT出示大图。） 用数量词说清图意。
师：老师把刚才动画中的事物画了下来，听我来说第一幅图，仔细听，认真记——这是一眼泉。谁会模仿，接下去？
2、看图连线。
师：刚才小朋友们看图很仔细，说得很准确，古人就是模仿这些事物（指左边）造出了这些（指右边）象形字。现在，请你把左边的事物和右边的象形字用尺连一连，你们行不行？，那请大家拿出课练纸用尺连一连，动作要快哦，开始！（指导读写姿势，巡视。） 3．开小火车交流。 4.看图说话。
1）第一组图片。出示图片：网，鱼，禾，木，川，舟。 师引，学生说，读文。
师：我们先来看这5种事物，它们的形状和象形字十分相似。
5、第二组图片。出示图片：泉，车，燕，勺。
师：老师这里还有几幅图片，说起来有点难，我来帮帮你们吧。（“泉”） *同桌讨论，模仿说话。
师：下面还有3幅图片，请大家看看课文左右两边的象形字，挑选一幅你喜欢的来说说，这3幅图是怎样模仿形状造字的，同桌可以讨论一下，开始。 *学生交流。师指导。 *小结，读文。
师：是啊，这就是模仿形状把字造，来，拿起书本，连起来把篇课文读一读，读出象形字的奇妙之处！。（男生，女生读）
6．过渡：师：随着时间的推移，这些象形字有的笔画减少了，有的笔画增加了，逐渐变成了我们如今使用的汉字。现在，我们就来认一认这些楷书汉字。PPT出示：象形字/楷书
7、读汉字，连线。
师：请一排小火车为大家读一读这些汉字？（开小火车） 让我们再次拿出课练纸，把象形字和楷书字快速地连一连！ 8．学生交流核对。 9.读文，归类。
师：课文中介绍了那么多象形字，却把它们分成五部分来写？这是为什么呢？请5组同桌为我们分别读这5段话（点），读的同学声音响亮，其他同学边听边想。
师：你们有什么发现吗（指屏幕上的字），木、禾，它们是——植物，车、舟，它们是——交通工具。网、勺，它们是（若猜不出，想想看，渔网是渔民生活中常用的，勺子是我们生活中常用的，是——？这个有点难度，黄老师给大家一个词）——生活用品；；川和泉是——自然界的水；鱼、燕是——动物。原来作者是根据它们不同的类别来写的。 四。拓展
1、 拓展猜字。
师：多奇妙的象形字啊！今天，黄老师还给大家带来了几个有趣的字伙伴，你们能猜出他们分别是什么字吗？先和同桌说说看，猜一猜。
出示：果、马、米、门
2、 介绍纳西象形字。
出示：日、月、舞、花 （四人小组讨论）
云：云如空中一朵云，弯弯月牙像明月，舞是一人在跳舞，画朵小花就是花。
3、 总结。
师：这些象形字通过简单的几笔，却能记录下不同的事物，凝结着中国几千年的文明，是我们劳动人民智慧的结晶。最后让我们一同再来赞叹一下—象形字真奇妙（指课题） 板书：
13、象形字真奇妙
象形字，真奇妙，
模仿形状把字造。